《Contemporary Management》chpt17 Managing Information Systems and Technology

17 Managing Information Systems and Technology CThe McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc, 2000

17-1 Irwin/McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Managing Information Systems and Technology 17

17-2 Information and the manager o Data: raw facts such as the number of customers o Information: data arranged in a meaningful fashion Good information possesses these attributes Information Quality: measures information accuracy and reliability o Timeliness: information is needed when managerial action is taken a Real Time Information reflects the current condition o Completeness: manager has the information to act o Relevance: information matches the managers specific needs at hand a Irrelevant information does not apply " win/MeGraw-HHill CThe McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc, 2000

17-2 Irwin/McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Information and the Manager ⚫ Data: raw facts such as the number of customers. ⚫ Information: data arranged in a meaningful fashion. Good information possesses these attributes: ◆ Information Quality: measures information accuracy and reliability. ◆ Timeliness: information is needed when managerial action is taken. ◼ Real Time Information: reflects the current condition. ◆ Completeness: manager has the information to act. ◆ Relevance: information matches the managers specific needs at hand. ◼ Irrelevant information does not apply

17-3 Information attributes Figure 17.2 High Quality Relevant Useful Timely Information Relativel omplete " win/MeGraw-HHill CThe McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc, 2000

17-3 Irwin/McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Information Attributes High Quality Relevant Timely Relatively Complete Useful Information Figure 17.2

17-4 Information Systems Technology Information System. acquires, organizes, stores manipulates and transmits information A Management Information System is the plan and design of an Information System to provide managers with information Can be paper or computer-based Information technology: is the means for acquiring organizing, storing, manipulating, and transmitting information Information technology power has increased rapidly .Information and Decisions: managing has to do with making decisions a Good Information allows effective decision making " win/MeGraw-HHill CThe McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc, 2000

17-4 Irwin/McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Information Systems & Technology ◼ Information System: acquires, organizes, stores, manipulates and transmits information. ◆ A Management Information System is the plan and design of an Information System to provide managers with information. ◼ Can be paper or computer-based. ◆ Information technology: is the means for acquiring, organizing, storing, manipulating, and transmitting information . ◼ Information technology power has increased rapidly. ◆ Information and Decisions: managing has to do with making decisions. ◼ Good Information allows effective decision making

17-5 Using Information Information and control: control allows managers to regulate the efficiency and effectiveness of the organIzation o Effective control requires good information a Information technology in the form of computers allows managers quick access to information o Information and Coordination: managers must coordinate departmental actions to achieve goals Information Systems provide information on suppliers production schedules, and orders to allow coordination " win/MeGraw-HHill CThe McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc, 2000

17-5 Irwin/McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Using Information ◼ Information and control: control allows managers to regulate the efficiency and effectiveness of the organization. ◆ Effective control requires good information. ◼ Information technology in the form of computers allows managers quick access to information. ◆ Information and Coordination: managers must coordinate departmental actions to achieve goals. ◼ Information Systems provide information on suppliers, production schedules, and orders to allow coordination

17-6 Information Technology Revolution Information Technology began with early computers Computers are called hardware and use digital 1s and os to represent data e Modern computers use microprocessors such as the Pentium to access information Computer cost has dropped dramatically while the power of computers has risen Computers cost less and do more than ever before Connecting one computer to another is also much easier and cheaper " win/MeGraw-HHill CThe McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc, 2000

17-6 Irwin/McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Information Technology Revolution ◼ Information Technology began with early computers. ◼ Computers are called hardware and use digital 1’s and 0’s to represent data. ◆ Modern computers use microprocessors such as the Pentium to access information. ◼ Computer cost has dropped dramatically while the power of computers has risen. ◆ Computers cost less and do more than ever before. ◆ Connecting one computer to another is also much easier and cheaper

17-7 Price Performance Ratio of Computers Figure 17. 3 $400k $300k Cost per mIp $200k $100k $3k 1980 1984 1988 1994 " win/MeGraw-HHill CThe McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc, 2000

17-7 Irwin/McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Price Performance Ratio of Computers $400k $300k $200k $100k $3k 1980 1984 1988 1994 Cost per MIP Figure 17.3

17-8 Computer communications Wireless communications: connects managers and computers together without wires a Cellular has grown rapidly to over 20 million users Wireless modems connect one computer to another Networks: share information between computers Server Computer: powerful computer that relays information to client computers a Servers and other computers are connected on a local Area Network or Lan o Mainframe: large computers processing vast amounts of information o Internet: a world wide network of computers " win/MeGraw-HHill CThe McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc, 2000

17-8 Irwin/McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Computer Communications ◼ Wireless communications: connects managers and computers together without wires. ◼ Cellular has grown rapidly to over 20 million users. ◼ Wireless modems connect one computer to another. ◼ Networks:share information between computers. ◆ Server Computer: powerful computer that relays information to client computers. ◼ Servers and other computers are connected on a Local Area Network or LAN ◆ Mainframe: large computers processing vast amounts of information . ◆ Internet: a world wide network of computers

17-9 3 Tier Information System Figure 17. 4 erver Server Mainframe Hub Wireless Link Server Client Client Laptop Client Client " win/MeGraw-HHill CThe McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc, 2000

17-9 Irwin/McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 3 Tier Information System Server Server Server Client Client Client Client Mainframe Hub Wireless Link Laptop Figure 17.4

17-10 Software Developments i perating systemsoftware: tells the computer how to run 4 self Applications software: provide for functions such as word processing, spreadsheets, and graphics The new software provides far better access to information for managers Artificial Intelligence: behavior by a machine that can be called intelligent o Computers evaluate problems act on simple tasks Speech Recognition: allow a computer to hear and act on spoken commands Powerful programs are still being developed " win/MeGraw-HHill CThe McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc, 2000

17-10 Irwin/McGraw-Hill ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000 Software Developments ◼ Operating system software: tells the computer how to run itself. ◼ Applications software: provide for functions such as word processing, spreadsheets, and graphics. ◆ The new software provides far better access to information for managers. ◼ Artificial Intelligence: behavior by a machine that can be called intelligent. ◆ Computers evaluate problems & act on simple tasks. ◼ Speech Recognition: allow a computer to hear and act on spoken commands. ◆ Powerful programs are still being developed