重庆大学：《流体力学》课程教学资源（PPT课件）Course Outline hydraulics

CV2601/G263. Fluid mechanics Dr Chiew Yee Meng, Lecturer/Course Coordinator Office: N1-1b-53 Tel:67905256 Email cymchiew @ntu.edu.sg Dr Shuy eng Ban, Lecturer Office:N1-1a-23 Tel:67905326 Email: cshuyeb@ntu. edu. sg TEXT Mechanics, 4th Edition, John Wiley Son, 2002 amentals of Fluid Munson, BR, Young, d F and Okiishi, Th, fund REFERENCES Shames Ih. Mechanics of fluids 3rd Edition Mcgraw-Hill 1992 Potter Mc and wigger dC, Mechanics of fluids, Prentice hall, 1991

CV2601/G263 : Fluid Mechanics Dr Chiew Yee Meng, Lecturer/Course Coordinator Office : N1-1b-53 Tel : 67905256 Email : cymchiew@ntu.edu.sg Dr Shuy Eng Ban, Lecturer Office : N1-1a-23 Tel : 67905326 Email : cshuyeb@ntu.edu.sg TEXT Munson, B R, Young, D F and Okiishi, T H, Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics, 4th Edition, John Wiley & Son, 2002 REFERENCES • Shames IH, Mechanics of Fluids, 3rd Edition, McGraw-Hill, 1992. • Potter MC and Wiggert DC, Mechanics of Fluids, Prentice Hall, 1991

Course Outline Fluid mechanics 12 hrs lectures, 5 Tutorials, 1 Quiz Week Le Ref Definitions of fluid. Fluid properties Chap. I Fluid Statics. Basic equation for hydros 2 hap. 2 Pressure measurement. Manometer Chap 2 Hydrostatic thrust on a plane surface 4 Chap 2 Hydrostatic thrust on curve surfaces Chap 2 Buoy Stability of fl 6 Basic fluid flow concepts. Classification of nd control volume. Continuit Chap 5 equation gy equation for steady incompressible fluid[8 hap. 3 5 Bernoullis equation and its applications Chap 3 T4 6 tion for steady flow 11 Applications of the momentum equation. Forces

Course Outline Fluid Mechanics 12 hrs lectures, 5 Tutorials, 1 Quiz Week No Content Lec Tut Ref 1 Definitions of fluid. Fluid properties Fluid Statics. Basic equation for hydrostatic pressure 1 2 Chap. 1 Chap. 2 2 Pressure measurement. Manometer computations Hydrostatic thrust on a plane surface: Magnitude and centre of pressure 3 4 T1 Chap. 2 Chap. 2 3 Hydrostatic thrust on curve surfaces Buoyancy. Stability of floating bodies 5 6 T2 Chap. 2 Chap. 2 4 Basic fluid flow concepts. Classification of flow. System and control volume. Continuity equation Energy equation for steady incompressible fluid flow 7 8 T3 Chap. 4 Chap. 5 Chap. 3 5 Bernoulli’s equation and its applications. Flow measuring devices 9 10 T4 Chap. 3 Chap. 5 6 Momentum equation for steady flow. Applications of the momentum equation. Forces on objects 11 12 Q1 Chap. 5 Chap. 5

Course Outline Hydraulics 14 hrs lectures, 5 Tutorials, I Quiz Dimensional analysis hap. 7 Buckingham pi the 8 Significance of common dimensional groups Chap. 7 nilitude and scale models 16T6 9 Concepts of Boundary Layer Laminar flow Chap 8 between parallel plates Laminar and turbulent flows in pipes 18|T 10 Energy concepts in pipe flows 19 Chap. 8 11 Moody diagram 21 Chap. 8 Friction and minor losses hap. 8 12 Principles of fluid machines. Performance Chap. 12 characteristics of pumps Similarity laws. Specific speed and machine 2402 Chap. 12 13 System characteristics and matching 25 Cavitation and NPSh Parallel and series operations of pum 26T10

Course Outline Hydraulics 14 hrs lectures, 5 Tutorials, 1 Quiz 7 Dimensional analysis Buckingham Pi theorem 13 14 T5 Chap. 7 Chap. 7 8 Significance of common dimensional groups Similitude and scale models 15 16 T6 Chap. 7 Chap. 7 9 Concepts of Boundary Layer. Laminar flow between parallel plates Laminar and turbulent flows in pipes 17 18 T7 Chap. 8 Chap. 8 10 Energy concepts in pipe flows Darcy-Weisbach equation 19 20 T8 Chap. 8 Chap. 8 11 Moody diagram Friction and minor losses 21 22 T9 Chap. 8 Chap. 8 12 Principles of fluid machines. Performance characteristics of pumps. Similarity laws. Specific speed and machine selection 23 24 Q2 Chap. 12 Chap. 12 13 System characteristics and matching. Cavitation and NPSH. Parallel and series operations of pumps. 25 26 T10 Chap. 12 Chap. 12

Assessment CA(2 quizes): Up to 30% Final examination At least 70 %o Do Not skip lectures Highlight Important Topics/Concepts/ Equation Solve Additional examples and Past Year Questions 10 Tutorials Start on Week 2 Tutorials 1 to 4 Quiz 1 Tutorials 5 to 9 Tutorial 10

Assessment • CA (2 quizes) : Up to 30 % • Final Examination : At least 70 % • Do Not Skip Lectures – Highlight Important Topics/Concepts/Equation – Solve Additional Examples and Past Year Questions • 10 Tutorials, Start on Week 2 – Tutorials 1 to 4 – Quiz 1 – Tutorials 5 to 9 – Quiz 2 – Tutorial 10

Why Study Fluid Mechanics For Civil Engineers Water Supply: Dams, reservoirs, Treatment and Distribution network systems Drainage and irrigation Systems: Open Channel hydraulics Environmental Hydraulics: Sewerage Systems, Pollutant Dispersion modelling in air and Water For Mechanical Engineers Aerodynamics-Airfoil design, Lift and Drag, CFD Rotodynamic machinery- Pumps and turbines Hydraulic/Pneumatic Control Systems Industrial Hydraulics: Piping Systems-Gas and Oil Industries

Why Study Fluid Mechanics ? For Civil Engineers : • Water Supply : Dams, reservoirs, Treatment and Distribution network systems • Drainage and Irrigation Systems : Open Channel Hydraulics • Environmental Hydraulics : Sewerage Systems, Pollutant Dispersion Modelling in Air and Water For Mechanical Engineers : • Aerodynamics – Airfoil design, Lift and Drag, CFD • Rotodynamic Machinery – Pumps and Turbines • Hydraulic/Pneumatic Control Systems • Industrial Hydraulics : Piping Systems – Gas and Oil Industries

What is Fluid Three States of matter Solid ● Fluids ●Llqu d ●Gas Solids Shear strain= function of stress o body recovers when stress is removed FI uIas Deform continuously when subjected to shear stress e Rate of shear Strain= function of shear stress body does not recover when stress is removed

What is Fluid ? Three States of Matter : • Solid • Fluids : • Liquid • Gas Solids : • Shear Strain = function of Stress • Body recovers when stress is removed Fluids : • Deform continuously when subjected to shear stress • Rate of Shear Strain = function of Shear stress • Body does not recover when stress is removed

Differences Between Liquids and Gases liqUids Practically incompressible Has a finite volume at given pressure and temperature G ases Highly compressible Always expands to fill up container

Differences Between Liquids and Gases Liquids • Practically incompressible • Has a finite volume at given pressure and temperature Gases • Highly compressible • Always expands to fill up container 

What is fluid mechanics Application of principles of mechanics to fluid motion Conservation Laws: Mass, Energy, Momentum e Newton's laws of motion Thermodynamic laws for Gases Main areas Fluid Statics Study of fluid at rest Fluid Kinematics: Study of Fluid motion without considering forces Fluid Dynamics: Study relation between motion and forces Hydraulics: Application of Fluid mechanics to practical problems

What is Fluid Mechanics ? Application of principles of mechanics to fluid motion : • Conservation Laws : Mass, Energy, Momentum • Newton’s Laws of Motion • Thermodynamic laws for Gases Main Areas : • Fluid Statics : Study of Fluid at rest • Fluid Kinematics : Study of Fluid motion without considering forces • Fluid Dynamics : Study relation between motion and forces • Hydraulics : Application of Fluid Mechanics to practical problems

Dimensions and units Fluid characteristics(properties) can be described qualitatively in terms of certain Basic Dimensions'or Primary Quantities Length. L e Mass M e Time. t Temperature, 0 Secondary Quantities'can be derived in terms of the primary quantities, e.g Area, Velocity Lt e Densi Ity, ML-3 Units are standards for quantitative measurement: m ks g

Dimensions and Units Fluid characteristics (properties) can be described qualitatively in terms of certain ‘Basic Dimensions’ or ‘Primary Quantities’ : • Length, L • Mass, M • Time, T • Temperature,  ‘Secondary Quantities’ can be derived in terms of the ‘primary quantities’, e.g. • Area, L2 • Velocity LT-1 • Density, ML-3 Units are standards for quantitative measurement : m, s, kg

Forces on a plane in fluid Plane area a F T Resultant force FR on a plane can be resolved into perpendicular component N o tangential component F T Pressure p is defined as: P= Normal force per unit area=FN/A Shear stress t is defined as: t=Tangential force per unit area=F/A In Fluid statics, Ft=0, only P exists

Forces on a Plane in Fluid Resultant force FR on a plane can be resolved into : • perpendicular component FN • tangential component FT • Pressure P is defined as: P = Normal force per unit area = FN / A • Shear stress  is defined as:  = Tangential force per unit area = FT / A • In Fluid statics, FT = 0, only P exists FR FN FT Plane Area A