Chinese Students in Japan：A Win-Win Situation

Chinese Students in Japan: A Win-Win situation David Zweig Chair Professor, division of social sciences Director, Center on chinas Transnational Relations and Han Donglin Ph.D. Student, Division of Social Sciences Hong Kong University of Science and Technology CCTR Workshop on Sino-Japanese Relations 5 September 2007

Chinese Students in Japan: A Win-Win Situation David Zweig Chair Professor, Division of Social Sciences Director, Center on China’s Transnational Relations and Han Donglin Ph.D. Student, Division of Social Sciences Hong Kong University of Science and Technology CCTR Workshop on “Sino-Japanese Relations” 5 September 2007

Key Questions Do contemporary student exchanges promote Sino-Japanese relations? e How extensive are interactions between Chinese returnees and Japan? Which returnees interact with Japan and why e What resources and information are transferred between the two countries?

Key Questions • Do contemporary student exchanges promote Sino-Japanese relations? • How extensive are interactions between Chinese returnees and Japan? • Which returnees interact with Japan and why? • What resources and information are transferred between the two countries?

Overseas study and attitudes Towards Japan Does studying in Japan affect how Chinese feel about Japan? o Does one's attitude about Japan vary by locality in China? Does how one feels about Japan affect one's willingness to carry out exchanges with Japan?

Overseas Study and Attitudes Towards Japan • Does studying in Japan affect how Chinese feel about Japan? • Does one’s attitude about Japan vary by locality in China? • Does how one feels about Japan affect one’s willingness to carry out exchanges with Japan?

Does Studying in Japan Affect returnee's lives? o How important is the Japanese experience to a returnee's life? o Do returnees really confront an unemployment problem? o Does overseas study enhance Chinese youths job opportunities after they return?

Does Studying in Japan Affect Returnee’s Lives? • How important is the Japanese experience to a returnee’s life? • Do returnees really confront an unemployment problem? • Does overseas study enhance Chinese youths’ job opportunities after they return?

Research Design and the data set o 22 interviews carried out in three Chinese cities: Dalian, Guangzhou and Nanjing o 21 interviews in Japan with Chinese living in Tokyo, Osaka and Kyoto Funding from JETRO (Hong Kong)

Research Design and the Data Set • 22 interviews carried out in three Chinese cities: Dalian, Guangzhou and Nanjing • 21 interviews in Japan with Chinese living in Tokyo, Osaka and Kyoto • Funding from JETRO (Hong Kong)

Research Design and the data set,工I Key information for this study comes from survey in late 2006 and early 2007 carried out by The ministry of Education's chinese service Center for Scholarly Exchange ( CSCs-中国留学服务中心) drew on list of 6,806 returnees who had registered with CSCSE they found 3,003 of them telephoned and asked if they would fill out the questionnaire 2,940 agreed to their request and we received 1, 478 responses

• Key information for this study comes from survey in late 2006 and early 2007 carried out by The Ministry of Education’s Chinese Service Center for Scholarly Exchange (CSCSE--中国留学服务中心) – drew on list of 6,806 returnees who had registered with CSCSE – they found 3,003 of them – telephoned and asked if they would fill out the questionnaire – 2,940 agreed to their request and we received 1,478 responses Research Design and the Data Set, II

Characteristics of the data Women→419 1/2 of returnees work in academia or research 1/2 in businesses of whom 1/2 work in Japanese firms or Japanese joint ventures o 27%o are members of a political party and 73%/o reported no party affiliation

Characteristics of the Data • Women ➔ 41% • 1/2 of returnees work in academia or research • 1/2 in businesses of whom 1/2 work in Japanese firms or Japanese joint ventures. • 27% are members of a political party and 73% reported no party affiliation

When people returned from Japan 46%o returned in 2005-06(631). No time to establish themselves in China, unlikely to have strong transactions with Japan 350 325 306 300 244 250 200 150 125 LL 100 61 厂 <=19961997199819992000200120022003200420052006 Returning Year Figure 1. The Year Respondents Returned to china

When people returned from Japan • 46% returned in 2005-06 (631). No time to establish themselves in China, unlikely to have strong transactions with Japan. 32 24 23 31 61 88 117 125 244 306 325 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 <=1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Returning Year Frequency Figure 1. The Year Respondents Returned to China

Degrees in Japan 38%o earned ph. D ●40% o earned ma 19%o earned undergraduate degree

Degrees in Japan • 38% earned Ph.D. • 40% earned M.A. • 19% earned undergraduate degree

Table 1. Highest Degree and Area of Specialization Highest Degree Area of specialization Community Undergraduate MA PhD Total College Medical science 0 149160(13%) Industrial applied 76 Science 147237(20%) Law 20 37 1168(5%) Natural science 33 112|151(19) Business admin. Management 123 141 19294(24%0) Social science 23 87 39150(13%) Humanity art 111 71 37134(11%) Other 511 00 2 No response 2 3 Total 20 210 455 541 1199 Pearson Chi square=578.50, p>0.001

Table 1. Highest Degree and Area of Specialization Highest Degree Area of Specialization Community College Undergraduate MA PhD. Total Medical Science 3 0 8 149 160 (13%) Industrial & Applied Science 3 11 76 147 237 (20%) Law 0 20 37 11 68 (5%) Natural Science 0 6 33 112 151 (11%) Business Admin. & Management 11 123 141 19 294 (24%) Social Science 1 23 87 39 150 (13%) Humanity & Art 1 25 71 37 134 (11%) Other 1 1 0 0 2 No response 0 1 2 0 3 Total 20 210 455 541 1199 Pearson Chi square = 578.50, p>0.001