《微生物学》（英文版） 3 Mutualism Symbiosis is an obligatory

→8→882m0 ②ee (a)Individual Oxic zones zore cyanabacterh 060 GCO+6H.O Anoxic zone Sanda 2 Gu,d 24 lgate redUcing DaceR( EHA Populations, guilds, and communities-an example of microbial community structure in a lake ecosystem. (a) microbial guilds consist of populations of cells of various species that arise ecosystem. For simplicity, only three microbial communities are chemoorganotrophic, aerobic chemmorganotrophic, and anaerobic. In the anaerobe community, examples of guild structure are given

Populations, guilds, and communities-an example of microbial community structure in a lake ecosystem. (a) Microbial guilds consist of populations of cells of various species that arise ecosystem. For simplicity, only three microbial communities are chemoorganotrophic, aerobic chemmorganotrophic, and anaerobic. In the anaerobe community, examples of guild structure are given

Microbial population interactions Interaction quality Interaction type Interaction example Not obligatory Predator Predator Parasite Host Competition One outcompetes the other for the sites resources

Microbial population interactions

Mutualism Symbiosis is an obligatory interrelationship between two populations that benefits both of them Lichens is composed of a fungus and an alga

Mutualism Symbiosis is an obligatory interrelationship between two populations that benefits both of them. Lichens is composed of a fungus and an alga

Metal sulfides, iron-manganese oxides. hydroxides and iron silicates from rising vent fluid precipitate in seawater forming white and black"smoke Direction of bottom current …∷… Riftia tube Copper- iron-zinc sulfides worms precipitate inside vent and chimney Seawater seeps through cracks and fissures in crust Seafloor Fractured Fractured Basalt Basalt From crust seawater Silicon Magma heating seafloor Basic Structure of a hydrothermal vent with its Mutualistic microbe-Animal associations

Basic Structure of a Hydrothermal Vent with its Mutualistic Microbe-Animal Associations

Protocooperation Protocooperation is a mutually beneficial relationship similar to that which occurs in mutualism, but in protocooperation, this relationship is not obligatory. Beneficial complementary resources are provided by each of the paired microorganisms. The organisms involved in this type of relationship can be separated, and if the resources provided by the complementary microorganism are supplied in the growth environment, each microorganism will function independently

Protocooperation Protocooperation is a mutually beneficial relationship, similar to that which occurs in mutualism, but in protocooperation, this relationship is not obligatory. Beneficial complementary resources are provided by each of the paired microorganisms. The organisms involved in this type of relationship can be separated, and if the resources provided by the complementary microorganism are supplied in the growth environment, each microorganism will function independently

Light Desulfovibrio Chromatium Example of Protocoope OM rative Cellulose degrader (Cellulomonas) Symbiotic Processes Nitrogen Azotobacter Glucose

Example of Protocoope￾rative Symbiotic Processes

B Commensalism is a unidirectional relationship between populations in which one population benefits and the other one is unaffected

Commensalism is a unidirectional relationship between populations in which one population benefits and the other one is unaffected

Predation Predation is a widespread phenomenon where the predator engulfs of attacks the prey The prey can be larger or smaller than the predator, and this normally results in the death of the prey

Predation • Predation is a widespread phenomenon where the predator engulfs of attacks the prey. The prey can be larger or smaller than the predator, and this normally results in the death of the prey

Example of Predatory Bacterial Found in nature …… (a) Bdellovibrio, a periplasmic predator that pe cnetrates the cell wall and grows outside the plasma membrane (b)vampirococcus with its unique epibiotic mode of b) Vampirococcus attacking a prey bacterium c) Daptobacter showing its cytoplasmic location as a it attacks a susceptible bacterium

Example of Predatory Bacterial Found in Nature. (a) Bdellovibrio, a periplasmic predator that penetrates the cell wall and grows outside the plasma membrane (b) Vampirococcus with its unique epibiotic mode of attacking a prey bacterium, (c) Daptobacter showing its cytoplasmic location as it attacks a susceptible bacterium

Parasite Host Parasitism, the parasite population is benefited and the host population is harmed

Parasitism, the parasite population is benefited and the host population is harmed