《政治学原理》课程教学资源：美国宪法 The Constitution of the United States of America

绘本花园 52我2韩 美国宪法是人类历史上的 第一部成文宪法。实际上，这 部1787年制定的宪法的主体结 构只有三条，即对立法、行政、 司法三权作出的规定，这些规 定至今保持不变

设戏 When vacancies happen in the Representation from any State,the f enumeration shal The o,aeor wit边in s,which shal es.The House of Represen Section3The6 enate of the2S光s'at the Expirauon年he5e Section 3.The Se for six Years;ande he a Meeting of the I which Cy be nate f u And the the ave no ed i f,but the tion The Tu ar,an ect nd ers.in such Manner,and under such fenaltie o. ery behavior ans shail bes d ou ts as 密高w= 会 era welfare of the U 心，9都德品品家热 ates;but all r nd Pr ah t or toth u wateoeadfunc and pun d suppor Section S.The cone for gover to e os wh s,the es,Arsenals,dock Yards,and than Years: The bsy the :A 3 No Tax ot Dutyshall beidsdfromanySaN Preference sha 器号7二器 wnt:dme3 ent ot Comp he sha have oen.nd he 之 -Cotinvancesut b2e已9ng t ARTICLE c the Fw 3之tars and ART F. y ion oc h 分m。et9G9中生：花De th th AmTYtienebttgrsthetUnidStgootennywimyoro0eroatono Section 1.In cas mble 197 Section1rh ahall take effect,un

i rnitni States in Order to form a /nore perfect Vnion, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility oiwidp <x ^4^?H^fiinjEt5haJJbev;ted inacongress of t^LtotaJaate^v^ichsKaii cons/st /k^nare^^^S^^n o amon the swa; pr . to tteir , , *. TtKfitrs"-p^^^K Members Present. Ju hall keeo A Journal cf its Proceedings, ^int^ entered JP the Journal :s ^Vi KS-rve a Compensation J^M^S^ forth$&egy2g ieif QpnmvM f ~ \ifli SSrifflSJffiWish nt! <ho Swji,.. he entered jn tne journal . j\iei Mier tiousc receive a Compensation for their Services, tc tinuance i" Office. Section Z All BiUs fcrrajsinglfevenue sii ^^ 585^^ ItSha" beoomB * lw- BLrt -"" KWSR Tv*Con/^> rtn^ tf(n-jlWfe}farP rt^ #U TT. . -" K23&&! $$ >"^s ^PSSsa^SS^ 11 * *"* ** navaj **. *> prow*,,, l n J* A"senaJS, dock-yg^3^ ,nf Section 9. The Migration or importation of SuchTbrsons as any of the States now existing shall "t"6 ^ u not be suspended, unlessv^en in cases of Rebel) ion or Invasion the public SafetVroay re " c "nai 1 ,TMIC to the Tbrt of one State over those of another: norshaU\%sseIg bound to OTfroi /me totime.T*>Tiu e< *,***. I[ jWyj ?haJl be granted ty \teUnited States: And notigrs ii- coin Money; emit Bills at Credit; mare any Thirtf but gold and" silver Coin a Tfern n I^vv*5 and the net Produce oi all Duties and Imposts ,jajctiy any ,?tate on Import? or exports, shall j n such imminent -Danger aswjll of delay. Arti,jett.sectionl.1hee*!cuti\cav nhej- of Senators and RrpjesentatitfestflVhlch the SUlcrnay heenlrtled in the Condress but no Senator or] transmit sailed w t>>e srat of anOocernmiBnt o theUn;tdStaies,*recK<<to th=WesuJBtf theSenatt.The ?rtSe am>ji< nay "CS.1 S "KU- Continuance in?g|-. 1 fcetwee* t^or^fl^^rt, sh trforemeotionad,* ^, cu~ *nmH rf the ItxfcpatMiiM of the *e UniMJnited Mates States rfAnenca ** /Vnenca the Twelfth Iwelfth LWi- IwWi￾Consmt rf the sa present the AVWMO.U, ray of Somber in the yt oi wUo itouwd sen J^edanS^iV " !%^2).Wlm, Kobt My, Oeo-CVmer, ThoS. BtzSmaw, *red b^a wto-Ale.atxterHamilMri.IfetfJerwv:WitU\Tng^n,nav.dBreartey,Wra.atrrt<,J^ : ry^ , AbrSWt<.in. InComwitjon MoncBv,Septarta-i?in.i7g7 I iht Ru Wiliiamson. feuth Camuna:J Sutie*e, charter Ottarorth JinoKncy, Charles Rnckney, Rerce BirUer. C*01 )}"!."" """.^ri; , j_ fi,.R..cv,mm..iitjonaiitLMisiaj"re,*"thijAsenta>idRui. ,t ,i\, Ssotmion ">I *is Convention, it Aould jf erwN be lubmittjj to fflrvention of Del<-e tes, ch-o 5<in incachSMK y the T>p * I, unot ^,n ,-j *^^AKKtoia) uldiS9embitiVTOfcrthePfnt,idtheTiiand Place * oei.cinJ ! pMC B<Ilngs uMer tfs GonatatuUon. IhttmwndUUdultm Oy-EtestorsshouW ^ ,1 ,^._^ it the Trnifi ^rvJ Fti.^* ,. . _ *. j ft-n cv^c uves *<l i conver>e at Rao-aiSiened; at theStoatareshcuJd ~ nt* na cwMil* 9W;*J^ B8i ^ /\Alt ^(iJMl.M KVm t.J Ki i ^i (int. a t+>. ^ ^- , r j H^ti. \TUOB Wln* 4" v l^poruwll OJ I1J>>-<A KaiJrk? I ui h.- innTti imtas it &iiir; l 9J9 S^ c ,tj? n A"*^ "ne WJr fiwn ihe ratification ^4 tt gJijaM Krural SM, rowjiled ,>ft) Constitution, v?thMf "S? ri - t * *1 ^i? 8 b*nravn*(i ai an amendnrnt (iirtieOonstitutun by UTe !CtfisUtxln sewm ye 1 tv,,rtoenforcii53rttcIe>l ap!Toprt>!le1Ji31.]<.-in-3 1 !>-- oi the P.,d indVxafPnaidonUhall.nd .tn-. .n the ->o>dv oi Jamnry.anJ the terms of Senatori and RepreaentatiWj it noon ->n .h. tt*M d,, ^mf,rc this article Wa^ropri1wW bt.T..^NDMinirW[i9^S^nii T^ %^w third JBV rf j^u.w.imle th^j^J IV bsr li^r^ d^^-^^ uiaw(<wii)ej*yc M,w*pe.n 1 * t)^ t ^^ 3^^*rS7romhM> Senate maychojse a We President whenever a r ^ht c< <* <= shall have Jewuvcrf upon them. Section 5- sectional md 1 shall take effect on the 151 " Kgnt >MaiDMsUxXl l 933ISOctiOIJ l.The eiphtnth 5^ttJ^g^^jS^^gfrB-*Sj^fflSiSoS^^ rrwident, ^f actina 96 P^aid^nt i during the terrn within wnic^i thjS ArticHt? become^ ppfiTistiv tct confititwtiria t O> 10* qy *-*" * c*o. fxrnftiwiri&nM. - -.- L" "V G, , those appointed bv WwSutes/but theyshalj i* considered, for the purposos dft ^^tm^tha.^^t^.ou.^-.^^be.na.O^nto ^ ^^or *--.*>r F - V,cefr i Secfaonl- ire right ,rf crt.zens ofthe-Un.w

neach State shall have tantof that State in which he shall be chosen ned ty adding to thwhol N,innhboundorao,anddn Indiansno taxed,hreefths ofall g one Representative;and until such chuse 8 The器 sole rower their Speaker and other officersi and shall ha 等品 ave the Dence of the first El The Seats of the Senators of the first ciass shal be an of tha State for which he shall be chosen.m ates.The Senate shall haive the sole Bower to try all Impeachments.When sitting fora than to the Sen te, 20h 2 ens Sented tohim,the Same shall be ct.shall be toAr心 TanedtmgsteaoneeeatoftheGaernnentotteha& ss Insurre the on the Ce零念 ad e nt a all meet in the 。6 g.Prince or foreign State me of ya 网品器名器部的a kuonf的en2aanngnerodrwhch 学的进高光益 intcrnr 62 。 光然oo,,, inson,Rechard Bassett, 8ed a to ret A柜 8品 19 DU ber at electors af ich erux Section 2.he Carens olle ch powenbe dischargeycnmority wote of both houss Section2 The Congress shall have the

infig to oursekes an a ^^QESiPWfcSifci Electors m itantof that Stale Jfi rmined byaddjr^ to tf^OJ dudin^ those bound to Sendee ShalJ -- K ahaJ/iectosaft. , three fifths of a// after ftreonS. |S^^ nts - When and to ,-itt.ng &r ^ ^^^ enjcyanyofr, ;_ ^iMi^SS** 1 .* KS-& "^SSS^Sx ^^4^ ohaveco-ual Votes, the Senate shallchuse from them fcv Ballot tteVicePresideni Thp . ly-ftve years, and t>eer> fourteen Yeare a Besjdent witmS thelLitSd Sate; In 5I < cordmgly, until the inability W removed, or a President sbaij be ejected. The Treside tear^raffirm) that rwjjlfeithfullv execute the Office of ftesidentoftfo - * ^W? Jln* rf 1 b?_.P r ??JP^_??!?fli n theOnnjojvnwritJno, of the principal <S* ^ffSSa OB-JOT;m each of the esecylive i*partmnu>, -K-" -^ ^ fe a^Qansuls.JiKlBeSQf the supreme U)uj-t,^rfa;ioth ^r^Sr%l^le^S^r^i^l^^SSfSSfSSSSSS theirs ^fenat,, ^^ tomiffiion. hft Aal/ wpire lent bettwen them, with Resrect to the Time of Adjournment ice on Impeachment for, and Omviction of, Treason, Bribery, . WeJtr<toe CMes affec d foreign States. rIi le i5cfeweanore. aCbinpensati two Witnesses to the same ever And the OO^KK nay ly flwer.1 Uws jMscr^ tteMMner nine. rfcRsreon held to senrioe or Labour in one . , . OK said Crimes shall live been mmmitted; but when rot committed WinayState, theTriai Shille ssion in of*n Court. The cb^ress shall have power too deoJare the heManner in which such Acts, Eftxirds and Prooeerfin e State up*r the Uws thereof, eswp.rTmto SofcST^r" *eBlfecr thercrf- ^rtioi, 2. The C.tnens of each Slate shall be < int of the WPislatur-es of the da?^o&v..rr.^S^r; hal1 m ^se^ence ^ any Law ^ jfedulation therein , beAscteSifJi^ proper,- he shall receive hich ShaJ/ not be diminished 3ontro._.. /n all othc. on shall work cbrru sStatis, or pares of states, without trie Consent of the legislatures of the StaWcoSwrna^"tT I "niuL>" t ,j sto)i i""** 1 "* *"" ^"^ "ws " ; " AB" 1Mt ic* " <*" t^PS!re SSS^lS SSiJsjrs r Amendments, whicfyn either ase, shajl be valid -wall Intents md Fbrposes as BS e Ninth Section of the first Artidc; and that m Swte.without iu Consent^at, h?*b ; w^,.*rt^.r^-*eK^!!^^^5 fif 3 as a Qua! !^2i. -- ti of a ^r ves Jcted r Tnit .the t on tbeDay i Jaco: Broom. Maryland: Mr Haroiltoi) ftDmj*>/YcirK, 1*!W3er8e>r ^.r)Sl va ", Delaware. uW ve isi.^ice rtereof Wtl for the Election of the Pres cte<i and ^jte^-^fe " " "n ly PjDmffavYc.rK, W Jersty- "ntMyiVBna. DeJaware. Maryland, Virginia, ffcru, ^ "** *n*r, Banl CarSII T chl Sette- ^fcniei rtoi-h "!=* 8ottSS2*- fame S?SfaM?t^^ ^^o^^-ft!WJ^^s^g^^^ <S^ ^*. #^ftTOse(hTBrfjW!^iytalnBdaMrfpw^wafihej!^ 3,, the u S bc!S2^s )5*?-^11 -" tamed to the "asona ^^ yof the UnitBj States in Congress assejnfo^ * ^l*^ S^ps*^? ** * ... , mtrie afeaf thefe3 h =>r other constrtutionaldisabiutyo^ the rnesident. -The p?j-son having the great^t number erf votesasw^ ^""/ rl ^ ,e sha i"tw,sisto/a c Si,;S : jaent-^Se"Ie number shall bo necessary tea choice But no person ccnstitutignalh/ inelisibte to the office of Preset sS)i be iSfffi X .S!" t "* Vica -IW-aS,? , IJ^ Nl ffV Cisesj Section 1. Ail persons bim nuraHd in OK Wi.ted States, ,tnJ j^fct to Kjwisdiction thereof, are c. t.ra ftte ?fesS^! ^ ftes)*^- /IMn ss^asftaste^...-,.;- -ii ^vaiinot he Tv^t .!!; JU uje lhePrsiaent.Butrocnco^ I d;^ t fe2?f re ti f e ^te a >dH Use</ I,^swtj(Jv. oj>en3iithecerLHta,tes anJie wtra.ihaii thenbeawn j. TV,- """ """ l"" b "1 atnelresrierit, *eites Sail be wKen by states, fte r^resenutjon from <sch stats hwiiw one wtefl SSSi fcTfuf^" hav "^ the ,ta>t . ^ -^t.^^ S^ " , ,__ "^s T^ Vir-7 vi. ""- wi u<>bwu(^qwju JJWLHJI^I in VJD diiun ui tie -idwi> UJB* em i l3 Jje/iscv" DRMl DITP i *;* >rxJ "oporson wkcjto held the <,ce of ftesi*m t . or acted as B-e^deTit .rormoretnanrwoyeareofa -tern, to whSSe otter SSfS h^|rilma^fe.Tn^S?o^U^^/^S ties* nnwi-dgj ^^t^lf to the whole number of Senators and Bepresentatiwes*!"5^^ welfthartjae of amendment. Section 2. The Congress shall ravep* State; and they shall meet in thePistnct and perfurm such du e moonless, ticn. I?" 2- VWjenever there is a vacancy in the office of the VicePreSJdent, the Preydent f o/hjsoffice, and until he transmits to them a written dedaj^tion tdl^ortrvr tempo re of the Senate arrf the SpeaKer of the House of Representative . to pay any poll tax or other tax. Sections. The Grouse *,, "^ t> VVer fe enfoh=e *lS ^^^ 1 ^ rru^r State, bll . *

Theconstitution of theUnited States *卖of America安在安在安禁卖 ★★★★★★★★★ ★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★

iheConstitution of ttieUnited States ofAmerica ::::i:^ ^

The Constitution of the United States of America Inscribed and Illustrated by Sam Fink With Benjamin Franklin's Address to the Delegates Upon the Signing of the Constitution welcome BOOKS NEW YORK 6 SAN FRANCISCO

y^ Jll 1W ^ Consii of United State Inscribed and Illustrated by Sam Fink With Benjamin Franklin s Address to the Delegates Upon the Signing of the Constitution welcome BOOKS NEW YORK 6 SAN FRANCISCO

In memory of my beloved wife,Adelle, who encouraged me to dream. And for Darwin Dick Bahm who helped make this dream come true

In memory of my beloved wife, Adelle, who encouraged me to dream. And for Darwin DicK Bahm wfto helped maKe this dream come true

ADDRESS TO THE DELEGATES On September 17,1787,a letter from Benjamin Franklin was read by James Wilson of Pennsylania, after which the Constitution was signed and offered for ratification by the states. I confess that I do not entircly approve of this Constitution at present.but Sir.Iam not sure I shall never approve it:For having lived long I have experienced many Instances of being oblig'd,by better Information or fuller Consideration,to change Opinions even on important Subjects,which I oncc thought right.but found to be otherwisc.It is therefore that the older I grow the more apt I am to doubt my own Judgment and to pay more Respect to the Judgment of others.Most Men indeed as well as most Sects in Religion,think themselves in Possession of all Truth,and that wherever others differ from them it is so far Error.Steele,a Protestant.in a Dedication tells the Pope.that the only Difference between our two Churches in their opinions of the certainty of their Doctrine. is.the Roman Church is infallible.and the Church of England is never in the wrong.But tho'many private Persons think almost as highly of their own Infallibility.as of that of their Sect.few express it so naturally as a certain French lady.who in a little Dispute with her Sister.said.I don't know how it happens.Sister.but I mcet with no body but myself that's always in the right.Il n'ya que moi qui a toujours raison. In these Sentiments.Sir.I agree to this Constitution.with all its Faults.if they are such:because I think a General Government necessary for us.and there is no Form of Government but what may be a Blessing to the People if well administered:and I believe farther that this is likely to be well administered for a Course of Years.and can only end in Despotism as other Forms have done before it.when the People shall become so corrupted as to need Despotic Government.being incapable of any other.I doubt too whether any other Convention we can obtain.may be able to make a better Constitution:For when you assemble a Number of Men to have the Advantage of their joint Wisdom.you inevitably assemble with those Men.all their Prejudices.their Passions

ADDRESS TO THE DELEGATES On September 77, ij8j, a letterfrom Benjamin Franklin was read by James Wilson ofPennsylvania, after which the Constitution was signed and offeredfor ratification by the states. I confess that I do not entirely approve of this Constitution at present, but Sir, I am not sure I shall never approve it: For having lived long, I have experienced many Instances of being oblig d, by better Information or fuller Consideration, to change Opinions even on important Subjects, which I once thought right, but found to be otherwise. It is therefore that the older I grow the more apt I am to doubt my own Judgment and to pay more Respect to the Judgment of others. Most Men indeed as well as most Sects in Religion, think themselves in Possession of all Truth, and that wherever others differ from them it is so far Error. Steele, a Protestant, in a Dedication tells the Pope, that the only Difference between our two Churches in their opinions of the certainty of their Doctrine, is, the Roman Church is infallible, and the Church of England is never in the wrong. But tho many private Persons think almost as highly of their own Infallibility, as of that of their Sect, few express it so naturally as a certain French lady, who in a little Dispute with her Sister, said, I don t know how it happens, Sister, but I meet with no body but myself that s always in the right. // n y a que moi qui a toujours raison. In these Sentiments, Sir, I agree to this Constitution, with all its Faults, if they are such: because I think a General Government necessary for us, and there is no Form of Government but what may be a Blessing to the People if well administered: and I believe farther that this is likely to be well administered for a Course of Years, and can only end in Despotism as other Forms have done before it, when the People shall become so corrupted as to need Despotic Government, being incapable of any other. I doubt too whether any other Convention we can obtain, may be able to make a better Constitution: For when you assemble a Number of Men to have the Advantage of their joint Wisdom, you inevitably assemble with those Men, all their Prejudices, their Passions

their Errors of Opinion,their local Interests,and their selfish Views.From such an Assembly can a perfect Production be expected?It therefore astonishes me.Sir.to find this System approaching so near to Perfection as it does;and I think it will astonish our Enemies,who are waiting with Confidence to hear that our Councils are confounded,like those of the Builders of Babel,and that our States are on the Point of Separation,only to meet hereafter for the Purpose of cutting one another's Throats.Thus I consent.Sir,to this Constitution because I expect no better,and because I am not sure that it is not the best.The Opinions I have had of its Errors.I sacrifice to the Public Good.I have never whisper'd a Syllable of them abroad.Within these Walls they were born.here they shall dic.If every one of us in returning to our Constituents were to report the Objections he has had to it.and endeavor to gain Partizans in support of them.we might prevent its being generally received.and thereby lose all the salutary Effects great Advantages resulting naturally in our favor among foreign Nations,as well as among ourselves.from our real or apparent Unanimity. Much of the Strength and Efficiency of any.Government in procuring securing Happiness to the People depends on Opinion,on the general Opinion of the Goodness of that Government as well as of the WisdomIntegrity of its Governors.I hope therefore that for our own Sakes.as a Part of the People.and for the Sake of our Posterity.we shall act heartily unanimously in recommending this Constitution.wherever our Influence may extend,and turn our future Thoughts and Endeavors to the Means of having it well administred.- On the whole.Sir.I can not help expressing a Wish.that every Member of the Convention.who may still have Objections to it,would with me on this Occasion doubt a little of his own Infallibility,and to make manifest our Unanimity,put his Name to this Instrument.-

their Errors of Opinion, their local Interests, and their selfish Views. From such an Assembly can a perfect Production be expected? It therefore astonishes me, Sir, to find this System approaching so near to Perfection as it does; and I think it will astonish our Enemies, who are waiting with Confidence to hear that our Councils are confounded, like those of the Builders of Babel, and that our States are on the Point of Separation, only to meet hereafter for the Purpose of cutting one another s Throats. Thus I consent, Sir, to this Constitution because I expect no better, and because I am not sure that it is not the best. The Opinions I have had of its Errors, I sacrifice to the Public Good. I have never whisper d a Syllable of them abroad. Within these Walls they were born, 6 here they shall die. If every one of us in returning to our Constituents were to report the Objections he has had to it, and endeavor to gain Partizans in support of them, we might prevent its being generally received, and thereby lose all the salutary Effects 6 great Advantages resulting naturally in our favor among foreign Nations, as well as among ourselves, from our real or apparent Unanimity. Much of the Strength and Efficiency of any, Government in procuring 6 securing Happiness to the People depends on Opinion, on the general Opinion of the Goodness of that Government as well as of the Wisdom 6 Integrity of its Governors. I hope therefore that for our own Sakes, as a Part of the People, and for the Sake of our Posterity, we shall act heartily 6 unanimously in recommending this Constitution, wherever our Influence may extend, and turn our future Thoughts and Endeavors to the Means of having it well administred. On the whole, Sir, I can not help expressing a Wish, that every Member of the Convention, who may still have Objections to it, would with me on this Occasion doubt a little of his own Infallibility, and to make manifest our Unanimity, put his Name to this Instrument

This is a Backbone Man cannot stand erect without one.Neither can a country. ne backbone of the United States of America is her Constitutjon

IS is a BacKbone. Man cannot stand erect without one. Neither can a country. The bacKbone of the United States of America is her Constitutjon

here are features in his face gentleman of one of the totally different from what I ever first fortunes on the conti observed in that of any other nent sacrificing his ease human being;the sockets of the eyes. and hazarding al)in the cause for instanceare jarger and the upper of his country.JOHN ADAMS part of his nose broader.All his fea re errs as other men do but tures are indicative of the strongest errs with dignity.ERS passions,yet his judgement and great command make him appeara man of a different cast in the eyes of the wor]d.SIBERT STUART ashington is the might iest name on earth.. long since mightiest in the cause of civil liber- ty;sti]]mightiest in moral reformation. On that name an eulogy is expected. Let none attempt it.In solemn awe.pronounce the name,and in its naked deathless splendor leave it on Shinng.ABRAHAM IINCOLN corge Washington as a boy was ignor ant of the common est accomplishments of youth.He could not even le.MARK TWAIN 异领系9 there has scarcely appeared a ris mind was great and powerful really great man whose character without being of the very first has been more greatly admired in order;his penetration strong, his lifetime or jess correctly under- though not so acute as that of Newton, stood by his admirers...his talents Bacon orLocke,and as far as he saw were adopted to lead without dazzling no judgement was ever sounder:It mankind,and to draw forth and was slow in operation being little aided employ the talents of others without by invention or imagination but sure being misled by them.FSHER MES in conc]usjon.THOMAS.JEFERSON

There are features in his face orally different from what I ever observed in that of any other human being; the socKets of the eyes, t)r instanc^ane larger and the upper part of lus nose broader. All his fea tures are indicative of the strongest passions,yet hisjudgement and great command make him appears man of a different cast in the eyes Of the World. SKBERTSIWHT T i T^shington is the might￾l/V iest name on earth... t T bn^ since mightiest / in the cause of cjvjj liber ty; stil] mightiest in moral reformation. On that name an eulogy is expected lt none attempt it. In solemn \ awe, pronounce the name,and in its naKed deathless splendor leave it on shining. A&wtwwcotw George Washington as a boy was ignor ant of the common est accomplishments of youth . fie could not even lie. A gentleman of one qf the irst fortunes on the conti￾nent sacrificing his ease, and hazarding all in the cause Of his country. JOHNJDAMS I_re errs as other men do but I errs with dignity There has scarcely appeared a eaiiy great man whose character ias been more greatly admired in his lifetime or less correctly under￾stood by his admirers... his talents were adopted to lead without dazzling mankind, and to drawjbrth and employ the talents of others without being misled bythem. nis mind was great and powerful without being of the very first order; his penetration strong, though not so acute as that of Newton, Bacon orLocKe, and as fir as lie saw no judgement was ever sounder It was slow in operation being little aided byinvention or imagination but sure in conclusion