清华大学：《材料科学基础》课程教学资源（PPT课件讲稿）Chapter 1 Atomic Structure and Bonding

Materials Science deals with the relationship between the macroscopic properties and the microscopic structures

Materials Science deals with the relationship between the macroscopic properties and the microscopic structures

Crapter Atomic Structure and Bonding §1.1 Atomic structure Atomic numbers and atomic masses 1. Atomic models M-shell 1 Electron L-Shell 2 Electrons K-Shell 2 Electrons Nucleus 11 Protons 12 Neutrons

§1.1 Atomic structure ◆ Ⅰ.Atomic numbers and atomic masses 1. Atomic Models Chapter I Atomic Structure and Bonding

2. Atomic numbers The atomic number of an atom indicates the number of protons(positively charged particles Which are in its nucleus, and in a neutral atom the atomic number is also equal to the number of electrons in its charge cloud All the elements have been classified according to electron configuration in the periodic table

2. Atomic numbers The atomic number of an atom indicates the number of protons (positively charged particles) which are in its nucleus, and in a neutral atom the atomic number is also equal to the number of electrons in its charge cloud. All the elements have been classified according to electron configuration in the periodic table

The per iodic tabI 碱金属碱土金属过渡元素 I H 主族金属非金属稀有气体 ⅢIA IVAAAA 2LiBe 轻稀土金属重稀土金属贵金属 BCNOFNe 3 Na MgIB VB VIBVIIBⅦB IBIB Al Si CIAr 4K Ca Sc Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr 5 Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te Xe 6 Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg TI Pb Bi Po At Rn 7 Fr Ra Ac Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Uun Uuu Uub 系 山ck Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Lu 钢系 Ac Th Pa U N Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md NO LI

The periodic table IA 碱金属 碱土金属 过渡元素 0 1 H IIA 主族金属 非金属 稀有气体 IIIA IVA VA VI A VII A He 2 Li Be 轻稀土金属 重稀土金属 贵金属 B C N O F Ne 3 Na Mg IIB IVB VB VIB VIIB VIIB IB IIB Al Si P S Cl Ar 4 K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr 5 Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe 6 Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn 7 Fr Ra Ac Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Uun Uuu Uub 镧系 La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu 锕系 Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr

3. Atomic mass The relative atomic mass of an element is the mass in grams of 6.023 X 1023 atoms(Avogadro's number NA) of that element

3. Atomic mass The relative atomic mass of an element is the mass in grams of 6.023×1023 atoms (Avogadro’s number NA ) of that element

I The electronic structure of atoms 1. Quantum numbers Quantum numbers are the numbers in an atom that assign electrons to discrete energy levels The energy level to which each electron belongs is determined by four quantum numbers The principal quantum number n The subsidiary quantum number l The magnetic quantum number my Electron spin quantum number m

◆ Ⅱ.The electronic structure of atoms 1. Quantum numbers Quantum numbers are the numbers in an atom that assign electrons to discrete energy levels. The energy level to which each electron belongs is determined by four quantum numbers. • The principal quantum number n • The subsidiary quantum number l • The magnetic quantum number ml • Electron spin quantum number ms

2 Atomic size H0046 He。0.05 ③ Be OBOc。 N O0 OF Ne 0.157 0.113 0.0970077007100600071 0.16 L o Bez+ 0060 0031 0.140 0.192 0.1170.1100.10400990.192 ONat OMga s2 0.095 0.065 ◎@a点g点88888总8_点总 0.099 0.195 0218 Sra 0.113 0.2210216 0.182 0.169 0.135

2. Atomic size

3. Electron configurations Pauli exclusion principle This principle stipulates that each electron state can hold no more than two electrons Which must have opposite spins 77p7d 666d6f 55f 4s44d4

3. Electron configurations Pauli exclusion principle This principle stipulates that each electron state can hold no more than two electrons, which must have opposite spins. 1s 2s 3s 4s 5s 6s 7s 2 p 3 p 4 p 5 p 6 p 7 p 3d 4d 5d 6d 7d 4 f 5 f 6 f

K 1 Hydrogen s L2○o P M3 s d N4990999999999999 d O599999999999999999 f ○oo0000O○a s P

H s8 3-1 2345 Electon Shell(Principal quantum Number