上海交通大学：《金属材料强韧化与组织调控》课程教学资源（PPT课件讲稿）04 晶界工程与强韧化 More On Grain Boundary Engineering

金属强韧化 固溶原子 固溶强化 位错 位错强化 晶界 细晶强化 第二相颗粒 颗粒强化

固溶原子 位错 晶界 第二相颗粒 固溶强化 位错强化 细晶强化 颗粒强化 金属强韧化

晶界工程与强韧化 More On Grain Boundary Engineer ing

晶界工程与强韧化 More On Grain Boundary Engineering

Grain Boundary Engineering 所需要的性质 变形和退火循环 >>晶界的低能结构 >>避免强烈再结晶织构 >>CSL晶界 大部分晶界具有 需要的性质 目前多为fcc金属体系 对于CSL晶界的具体信 息和如何产生的认识 >>不锈钢，Ni合金，Pb,Cu 还有限 备注！

Grain Boundary Engineering 所需要的性质 >>晶界的低能结构 >>CSL晶界 变形和退火循环 >>避免强烈再结晶织构 目前多为fcc金属体系 >> 不锈钢,Ni合金,Pb,Cu 对于CSL晶界的具体信 息和如何产生的认识 还有限 大部分晶界具有 需要的性质 备注！

Metallurgical Nano-Technology Grain boundary engineering(GBETM) 改变晶界结构以提高材料性能。 Nanocrystalline materials 晶粒尺寸与传统材料比降低1000倍，达到纳 米级(3-100mm)。其中经济的方法是电沉积 (NanoPlateTM). 备注！

Metallurgical Nano-Technology Nanocrystalline materials 晶粒尺寸与传统材料比降低1000倍，达到纳 米级(3-100nm)。其中经济的方法是电沉积 (NanoPlate™). Grain boundary engineering(GBE™) 改变晶界结构以提高材料性能。 备注！

GBE Technology Grain boundary engineering(GBETM)is the methodology by which the local grain boundary structure Base Material is characterized and material processing variables adjusted to create an optimized grain boundary microstructure for improved material performance. GBE Surface Treatment 专利保护的热机械的冶金过程 Alloy 625 可用于成型和制造过程 也可用于成品或者半成品的表面处理(0.1-1mm) Special GB's(red;yellow) •提高特殊晶界的比例 General GB's (black ·减小晶粒尺寸 Integran's GBE technology has also been applied •增强微观结构均匀性 to mitigate stress corrosion cracking ·完全无序的织构 susceptibility of Ni-base alloys,extend the service-life of lead-acid battery grids,and improve the fatigue and creep performance of 备注！ aerospace superalloys

GBE Technology 专利保护的热机械的冶金过程 可用于成型和制造过程 也可用于成品或者半成品的表面处理（0.1-1mm） • 提高特殊晶界的比例 • 减小晶粒尺寸 • 增强微观结构均匀性 • 完全无序的织构 GBE Surface Treatment Alloy 625 Special GB’s (red; yellow) General GB’s (black) Grain boundary engineering (GBE™) is the methodology by which the local grain boundary structure is characterized and material processing variables adjusted to create an optimized grain boundary microstructure for improved material performance. Base Material Integran’s GBE technology has also been applied to mitigate stress corrosion cracking susceptibility of Ni-base alloys, extend the service-life of lead-acid battery grids, and improve the fatigue and creep performance of 备注！ aerospace superalloys

Nuclear Steam Generator Tubing 690合金作为核电站蒸汽发生器传热管材料因其优良的抗腐蚀性取 代了600合金。通过晶界工程，它的抗应力腐蚀性可以进一步提高。 Conventional GBE 0.02in. Cross sections of sample gauge lengths following interrupted environmental CERT tests. Test Conditions:60h;10%NaOH;600F;+0.100 mV vs.OCP;Ni Electrode;5X10-7 in/sec. 备注！

Nuclear Steam Generator Tubing 0.0 2” 0.02 ” Conventional l Cross sections of sample gauge lengths following interrupted environmental CERT tests. l Test Conditions: 60h; 10% NaOH; 600F; +0.100 mV vs. OCP; Ni Electrode; 5X10-7 in/sec. 690合金作为核电站蒸汽发生器传热管材料因其优良的抗腐蚀性取 代了600合金。通过晶界工程，它的抗应力腐蚀性可以进一步提高。 0.02 in. 备注！

Lead-Acid Batteries Integran's innovative GBER grid processing technology is designed to extend the service life of conventional SLI and industrial batteries(US Patent No.6,342,110 B1). The cycle-life of lead-acid batteries(e.g., automotive)is compromised by intergranular degradation processes(corrosion,cracking). Conventional GBE (fsp<15%)after 2 (fsp=55%)after 4 weeks of cycling weeks of cycling. 80 6253 70 Conventional GBE 60 50 使用4年后的传统的铅 0 酸蓄电池板栅(Pb- 30 1wt%Sb) 10 89 0 1.7sb 06Ca/1Sn .06Ca/1.7sn .03Ca/.6Sn/.03Ag Lead(Pb)Alloy

Lead-Acid Batteries 使用4年后的传统的铅 酸蓄电池板栅(Pb- 1wt%Sb) The cycle - life of lead-acid batteries (e.g., automotive) is compromised by intergranular degradation processes (corrosion, cracking). Conventional (fsp<15%) after 2 weeks of cycling. GBE (fsp=55%) after 4 weeks of cycling. Integran’s innovative GBE® grid processing technology is designed to extend the service life of conventional SLI and industrial batteries (US Patent No. 6,342,110 B1). 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 1.7Sb .06Ca/1Sn .06Ca/1.7Sn .03Ca/.6Sn/.03Ag Conventional GBE % Special Grain Boundaries, 29 Lead (Pb) Alloy

Corrosion of Aluminum 2124 0.04 90.00% Corroded 0.035 Non-Corroded 80.00% Random 0.03 70.00% 0.025 60.00% 50.00% 0.02 40.00% 0.015 30.00% 0.01 20.00% 0.005 10.00% (361) (95) (52) (29) (37)(24)(18) (18) (14) (17)2478) 0 0.00% 0 1020304050 60 70 1 x911 E13 E15 Z17 E19 HAGB Misorientation Angle(Degree) Grain Boundary Type 铝合金2124的晶粒间侵蚀结果。小角晶界比大角晶界具有更高 的抗腐蚀性，同样对应于∑3and∑7晶界（以及∑13）. 备注！

Corrosion of Aluminum 2124  铝合金2124的晶粒间侵蚀结果。小角晶界比大角晶界具有更高 的抗腐蚀性，同样对应于3 and 7 晶界（以及 3). 备注！

Corrosion in Ni Alloy 600 (Ni-base alloy) 317311279 17 (a) (b) (c) M IGSCC resistande limit R(cracked) (a) R(cracked R (eracked) R2 E R(eracked) R(cracked) 我rard 20um 10.00 um =50 steps Several E3 boundaries withlarger deviations from ideal misorientation cracked Gertsman et al.,Acta Mater,49 (9):1589-1598 (2001)

Corrosion in Ni Gertsman et al., Acta Mater., 49 (9): 1589-1598 (2001). Several 3 boundaries with larger deviations from ideal misorientation cracked Alloy 600 (Ni-base alloy)

Σ3 Boundaries in Ni,3Al 100 0 General GB Total 280 80 防 Cracked GB Total 83 60- NigAl 40 20 1 3 3c∑s25 349 ΣValue Cracked >3 boundaries were found to deviate more than 5 from the trace of the {111)plane. Lin et al.,Acta Metall.Mater.,41 (2):553-562(1993)

3 Boundaries in Ni3Al Lin et al., Acta Metall. Mater., 41 (2): 553-562 (1993). Ni3Al Cracked 3 boundaries were found to deviate more than 5° from the trace of the {111} plane