《糖生物学》课程教学课件（讲稿）02 Fischer projection and the story behind

Fischer projection and the storybehind

+ Fischer projection and the story behind

+Emil Fischer,“Syntheses in the purine and sugargroup"NobelLecture,December12,1902“HowRaymondU.LemieuxandUlrike Spohr,EmilFischerwaslettothelockandkeyconceptfor enzyme specificity".Presentation at thesymposium “Emil Fischer:100 YearsofCarbohydrate ChemistryCalifornia,April 5-10,1992.William Reusch “Virtual Textbook of OrganicChemistry” Emeritus Faculty from Michigan StateUniversityWade"OrganicChemistry"6th edition

+  Emil Fischer, “Syntheses in the purine and sugar group” Nobel Lecture, December 12, 1902  Raymond U. Lemieux and Ulrike Spohr, “How Emil Fischer was let to the lock and key concept for enzyme specificity”. Presentation at the symposium “Emil Fischer: 100 Years of Carbohydrate Chemistry” California, April 5-10, 1992.  William Reusch “Virtual Textbook of Organic Chemistry” Emeritus Faculty from Michigan State University  Wade “Organic Chemistry” 6th edition

+C.S.Hudson,“Emil Fischer's Discovery of theConfiguration of Glucose----A SemicentennialRetrospect”Journal of Chemical Education 1941353.ORGANICCHEMISTRYSEVSNTHKDIILON3L.G.WADE,JR

+  C. S. Hudson, “Emil Fischer’s Discovery of the Configuration of Glucose-A Semicentennial Retrospect” Journal of Chemical Education 1941, 353

EmilFischer（1852-1919)

Emil Fischer (1852-1919)

+BiographyBorninEuskirchennearCologne,thesonofabusinessmanHis father compelled himtowork inthefamilybusinessuntildetermining that his son was unsuitableattendedtheUniversityofStrasbourgin1872.earnedhisdoctoratein1874Tutor:AdolfvonBaeyer(NB1905)1875,an assistantinBaeyer'slabat theUniversity of MunichThenAssociateProfessorin1879.ProfessoratUniversityofErlangensince188l.Refusedanofferfromcompany,Evenhisfathermadehimfinanciallyindependent.Professorof ChemistryattheUniversity ofWurzburgandhereheremaineduntil 1892,whenhewas askedtosucceed A.W.Hofmann intheChairofChemistryattheUniversityof Berlin.Here he remained until his death in l919

+Biography  Born in Euskirchen, near Cologne, the son of a businessman. His father compelled him to work in the family business until determining that his son was unsuitable  attended the University of Strasbourg in 1872. earned his doctorate in 1874 Tutor: Adolf von Baeyer (NB 1905)  1875, an assistant in Baeyer’s lab at the University of Munich， Then Associate Professor in 1879.  Professor at University of Erlangen since 1881.  Refused an offer from company, Even his father made him financially independent.  Professor of Chemistry at the University of Würzburg and here he remained until 1892, when he was asked to succeed A. W. Hofmann in the Chair of Chemistry at the University of Berlin. Here he remained until his death in 1919

EF: “The abundance of substances ofwhich animals and plants are composed,the remarkable processes whereby theyare formed and then broken down againhave claimed the attention of mankindand from the early days they alsopersistently captivated the interest ofchemists

EF: “The abundance of substances of which animals and plants are composed, the remarkable processes whereby they are formed and then broken down again have claimed the attention of mankind and from the early days they also persistently captivated the interest of chemists.

Noteworthy successes were notachieved by science until 18th centurywhen men like Sigismund Marggraf inBerlin, Lavoisier in Paris and CarlWilhelm Scheele in Sweden studied it.Difficulty and necessity made theresearch separate from mineralchemistry then became a special branchofourscience

Noteworthy successes were not achieved by science until 18th century when men like Sigismund Marggraf in Berlin, Lavoisier in Paris and Carl Wilhelm Scheele in Sweden studied it. Difficulty and necessity made the research separate from mineral chemistry then became a special branch of our science.

Organic chemistryIt found the exploration of new avenuesmore worthwhile. It replaced the animal andvegetable substances by many artificialproducts such as the hydrocarbons andcyano compounds, wood tar and coal tar,wood alcohol,etc

It found the exploration of new avenues more worthwhile. It replaced the animal and vegetable substances by many artificial products such as the hydrocarbons and cyano compounds, wood tar and coal tar, wood alcohol, etc

FriedrichWohler[NH4"][NCO]18281800-1882AgNCO+NH4CI→(NH2)2CO+AgCIThis discovery prompted Wohler to writetriumphantly to Berzelius: "I must tell you that I canmake urea without the use of kidneys,either manor dog. Ammonium cyanate is urea

1800—1882 1828 This discovery prompted Wöhler to write triumphantly to Berzelius: "I must tell you that I can make urea without the use of kidneys, either man or dog. Ammonium cyanate is urea

Chemistryin19century1856.A.D.New dyes synthesises by William Perkin, Sr.from coal tar. Bessemer's converter revolutionises iron smeltingprocess.Industriesboomasaresultofchemicalprogress.1858 A.D.FriedrichKekuledefines the concept of valency,andwith Couper discovers the tetravalent quality of carbon1866 A.D.Kekule propunds his theory of the molecular structure of benzene.1869.A.D.The periodic law is put forward byDmitri Mendeleev and simultaneously and independently by Julius Meyer

+Chemistry in 19 century