上海交通大学：《材料加工原理 Principles of Materials Processing》教学资源（课件讲稿）凝固和铸造 Solidification and casting_Structure and properties of liquid metals（1/2）

先进材料疑固实验室 Laboratory of Advanced Materials Solidification 1896 1920 1987 2006 uai过a metal with the atomie strocture Structure and properties of liquid metals(1) Dr.Mingxu Xia 上浒充通大学 SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY

1896 1920 1987 2006 Structure and properties of liquid metals (1) Dr. Mingxu Xia

先进材料疑固实验室 Outline Laboratory of Advanced Materials Solidification State of matter Brief introduction to liquid metal The structure of liquid metal Viscosity of liquid metal Surface and interface of liquid metal Fluidity of liquid metal Other properties of liquid metal y of vanced Materials Solid 上浒充通大学 SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY

Outline State of matter Brief introduction to liquid metal The structure of liquid metal Viscosity of liquid metal Surface and interface of liquid metal Fluidity of liquid metal Other properties of liquid metal

先进材料疑固实验室 State of matter Laboratory of Advanced Materials Solidification In physics,a state of matter is one of the distinct forms that matter takes on.Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: ⊕ Solid Liquid Gas ⊕ Plasma Solid Liquid Gas Plasma ed Mate 上浒充通大 SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY

State of matter In physics, a state of matter is one of the distinct forms that matter takes on. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: Solid Liquid Gas Plasma Solid Liquid Gas Plasma

先进材料疑固实验室 State of matter Laboratory of Advanced Materials Solidification In a solid,the particles(ions,atoms or molecules)are closely packed together.The forces between particles are strong so that the particles cannot move freely but can only vibrate. A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a(nearly)constant volume independent of pressure.The volume is definite if the temperature and pressure are constant. A gas is a compressible fluid.Not only will a gas conform to the shape of its container but it will also expand to fill the container. Like a gas,plasma does not have definite shape or volume.Unlike gases,plasmas are electrically conductive,produce magnetic fields and electric currents and respond strongly to electromagnetic forces. 上浒充通大学 SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY

State of matter In a solid, the particles (ions, atoms or molecules) are closely packed together. The forces between particles are strong so that the particles cannot move freely but can only vibrate. A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure. The volume is definite if the temperature and pressure are constant. A gas is a compressible fluid. Not only will a gas conform to the shape of its container but it will also expand to fill the container. Like a gas, plasma does not have definite shape or volume. Unlike gases, plasmas are electrically conductive, produce magnetic fields and electric currents and respond strongly to electromagnetic forces

先进材料疑固实验室 Class of liquid Laboratory of Advanced Materials Solidification Atomic liquid:liquid metals,liquid inert gases Molecular liquid:polarity and non-polarity molecular liquid lonic liquid:salt in liquid state,largely made of ions and short-live ion particles vanced Materials Solid 上浒充通大学 SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY

Class of liquid Atomic liquid: liquid metals, liquid inert gases Molecular liquid: polarity and non-polarity molecular liquid Ionic liquid: salt in liquid state, largely made of ions and short-live ion particles

先进材料疑固实验室 Laboratory of Advanced Materials Solidification Atomic liquid (a)t-90ps ()t-100e 1500K Cu (e)t-110ps (0t-120e The distribution of atoms relies on Atomic bonding Vanced Maw 上浒充通大学 SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY

1500K Cu The distribution of atoms relies on Atomic bonding Atomic liquid

先进材料疑固实验室 Laboratory of Advanced Materials Solidification Molecular liquid The distribution of moleculars relies on the structure of molecular and Van der Waals force among the moleculars 上浒充通大学 SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY

The distribution of moleculars relies on the structure of molecular and Van der Waals force among the moleculars Molecular liquid

先进材料疑固实验室 Laboratory of Advanced Materials Solidification lonic liquid 整 考子对 二维络构 三性都构 1.Phs.Chem.A2806,110:9775 The distribution of ions relies on the coulomb force among the ions. 上浒充通大学 SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY

The distribution of ions relies on the coulomb force among the ions. Ionic liquid

先进材料疑固实验室 Features of liquids Laboratory of Advanced Materials Solidification Fluidity (Most obviously) >Occupy the space of contained and copy the inner shape of the container.(Somehow like liquid but different from solid) > Can not take shear stress,indicating weaker bonding between liquid atoms or liquid moleculars. Free surface.(Like solid,different from gas) Lower compressability.(Like solid,different from gas) 上浒充通大学 SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY

Features of liquids  Fluidity (Most obviously)  Occupy the space of contained and copy the inner shape of the container. (Somehow like liquid but different from solid)  Can not take shear stress, indicating weaker bonding between liquid atoms or liquid moleculars.  Free surface. (Like solid, different from gas)  Lower compressability. (Like solid, different from gas)

先进材料疑固实验室 Particle distance of matters Laboratory of Advanced Materials Solidification 00 Solid Liquid Gas ory of vanced Materi So 上浒充通大学 SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY

Particle distance of matters Solid Liquid Gas