《微生物学》课程PPT课件讲稿（英文版）Lecture 3

Lecture 3 2. 4 Physiological Diversity of Microorganisms 2.5 Prokaryotic Diversity 2.6 Eukaryotic Microorganisms 4. 4. Cell morphology and the significance of Being Small 4.5 Cytoplasmic Membrane: Structure 4.6 Cytoplasmic Membrane: Function 4.8 The Cell Wall of Prokaryotes: Peptidoglycan and Related molecules 4.9 The Outer Membrane of gram-Negative bacteria

Lecture 3 • 2.4 Physiological Diversity of Microorganisms • 2.5 Prokaryotic Diversity • 2.6 Eukaryotic Microorganisms • 4.4. Cell Morphology and the Significance of Being Small • 4.5 Cytoplasmic Membrane: Structure • 4.6 Cytoplasmic Membrane: Function • 4.8 The Cell Wall of Prokaryotes: Peptidoglycan and Related Molecules • 4.9 The Outer Membrane of Gram-Negative Bacteria

Chemicals Chemotrophy Phototrophy Organic norganIc chemicals chemicals (glucose, acetate, etc. (H2, H2S, Fe, NH4, etc. Chemoorganotrophs Chemolithotrophs Phototrophs glucose+O2-Co2+H2O)(H2+O 2-H2o)(light n-ATP ATP ATP

Carbon fixation autotrophs: fix carbon from cO2 include most phototrophs: photoautotrophic heterotrophs: get carbon from pre-existing organic compounds

Carbon fixation • autotrophs: fix carbon from CO2 – include most phototrophs: photoautotrophic • heterotrophs: get carbon from pre-existing organic compounds

Domain bacteria Spirochetes Green sulfur Deinococcus bacteria Planctomyces Green nonsulfur bacteria Cyanobacteria Thermotoga Gram-positive EnV-OP2 bacteria Aquifex Proteobacteria root (common ancestor

Domain Bacteria: root (common ancestor)

Env-OP2 not yet cultured known only by 16SrrNA SARIl: another clade identified by 16s

Env-OP2 • not yet cultured; known only by 16S rRNA • SAR11: another clade identified by 16S

Domain archaea Env-marine Halobacterium EnV-marine Natronobacterium Sulfolobus /Methanobacterium Halophilic Methanococcus methanogens Thermoproteus coccus Methanosarcina yrolobus Thermoplasma /Methanopyrus Desulfurococcus methanogens halophiles hyperthermophiles acidophiles

Domain Archaea methanogens halophiles acidophiles hyperthermophiles

A achaea tend to be extremophiles two clades of eny-marine isolates not found in extreme coditions can grow over at 113C can grow in cow rumens(produce methane) can grow at pH<o(!

Archaea • tend to be extremophiles • two clades of Env-marine isolates: not found in extreme cnditions • can grow over at 113oC • can grow in cow rumens (produce methane) • can grow at pH < 0 (!)

Domain eukarya Flagellates Slime molds multi-celled Trichomonads Diplomonads Ciliates Animals Green algae Plants Red algae ungl Diatoms Brown algae Early-branching, lack mitochondria

Domain Eukarya multi-celled

Endosymbiotic theory archaeal organism evolved a nuclear membrane before or after engulfing a bacterium organisms developed a symbiosis which became an obligate relationship considerable sharing of genetic material similar mechanisms let to engulfing of a cyanobacterium to evolve chloroplasts

Endosymbiotic theory • archaeal organism evolved a nuclear membrane, before or after engulfing a bacterium • organisms developed a symbiosis which became an obligate relationship • considerable sharing of genetic material • similar mechanisms let to engulfing of a cyanobacterium to evolve chloroplasts

Different Shapes Rod Spirochete Stalk Budding and appendaged bacteria Filamentous Fig.4.11

Different Shapes Fig. 4.11