上海交通大学：《现代材料科学实验方法前沿》课程教学资源_同步辐射原理实验技术讲课 Synchrotron Radiation Properties and Production

上海充通大粤 SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY Synchrotron Radiation Properties and production 王宇杰 上海交通大学物理与天文学院

Synchrotron Radiation Properties and Production 王宇杰 上海交通大学物理与天文学院

上海充通大粤 X-rays Were Discovered in 1895 SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY X-rays were discovered (accidentally) in 1895 by Wilhelm Konrad Roentgen. Roentgen won the first Nobel Prize in 1901 "for the discovery with which his names is linked for all time:the... so-called Roentgen rays,as he himself called them,X-rays

X-rays Were Discovered in 1895 • X-rays were discovered (accidentally) in 1895 by Wilhelm Konrad Roentgen. 2 • Roentgen won the first Nobel Prize in 1901 “for the discovery with which his names is linked for all time: the... so-called Roentgen rays, as he himself called them, X-rays…

上海充通大兽 X-ray Sources SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY water The standard X-ray tube(top right)was developed by Coolidge (at GE)around X-rays anode 1912. It is desirable to produce the maximum electrons intensity of x-rays;a Cu target tube might be able to deliver 2 kW.The limiting cathode factor is the heat that the target (anode) Filament can handle;cold water is used to remove heat. Higher power can be delivered by rotating anode dissipating the heat over a larger volume, water with a rotating anode (bottom right). in out However,this is not normally used for XRF. X-rays X-rays Power in watts current [amps]x electrons voltage [volts] cathode Filament

X-ray Sources The standard X-ray tube (top right) was developed by Coolidge (at GE) around 1912. It is desirable to produce the maximum intensity of x-rays; a Cu target tube might be able to deliver 2 kW. The limiting factor is the heat that the target (anode) can handle; cold water is used to remove heat. Higher power can be delivered by dissipating the heat over a larger volume, with a rotating anode (bottom right). However, this is not normally used for XRF. * Power in watts = current [amps] x voltage [volts]

上海充通大粤 X-ray Spectrum SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY Ka 50 kV 40 kV (Kususu)3oT 30 kV Bremsstrahlung 20 kV Energy

X-ray Spectrum

上海充通大粤 Synchrotron Radiation-Some Background SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY Excerpted from Handbook on Synchrotron Radiation, Volume 1a,Ernst-Eckhard Koch,Ed.,North Holland,1983

Synchrotron Radiation - Some Background Excerpted from Handbook on Synchrotron Radiation, Volume 1a, Ernst-Eckhard Koch, Ed., North Holland, 1983. 4

上游充通大兽 From Synchrotrons to Storage Rings SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS Letters to the Editor Prompt publication of brief reports of NEW ideas in measurement and instrumentation or comments on papers appearing in this Journal may be secured by addressing them to this department.No proof will be sent to the authors.Communications should not exceed 500 words in length.The Board of Editors does not hold itself responsible for the opinions expressed by the correspondents. Use of Synchrotron Orbit-Radiation in X-Ray Physics* L.G.PARRATT Cornell University,Ithaca,New York (Received December 1,1958) paee四h the orbit of a high-energy synchrotron.:Comparison is made here of the prospective usefulness of this radiation in the range of wavelengths 0.1 to 20 A with the x-rays obtainable from a conventional x-ray tube. I.Calculations of the spectral distribution for three typical synchrotron energies and orbit radii are shown in Fig.1.2.The spectral power is shown averaged over one-half of an acceleration cycle in which the electron energy is taken as proportional to the square of a sinusoid. The power is expressed in ergs per second per 4 solid angle per x unit per electron,and must be trimmed

From Synchrotrons to Storage Rings 5

上海充通大兽 SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY The Evolution of Synchrotron Radiation Sources 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 1016 1024 4th Generation LCLS 101 (Free Electron Lasers) (SLAC) 1023 70% 102 3"Generation Synchrotrons(Undulators) 102 1020 ESRF,Spring8 APS 10 DARPA(?) 108 109 Blue Gene b 2Generation 109 Synchrotrons(Wigglers) 106 NEC Earth 10 NSLS 10% 1"Generation Synchrotrons Intel ASCI-Red 10 (Bending Magnets) SSRL Cray T90 10 105 X-ray Brilliance(photons/s/0.1%bw/mm/mrad?) 10 Cray 2 Cray X-MP 103 Cray 1 102 10 CDC 6600 10 IBM 7090 10 Cu Ka X-ray Anode Eniac 102 10 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Year

ERLs The Evolution of Synchrotron Radiation Sources

上游充通大兽 Synchrotron Sources(3rd generation) SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY APS,Argonne,IL,7 GeV,(1996) SSRF Shanghai,China,3.5Gev,(2009) SPring-8,Harima,Japan,8 GeV,(1997) ESRF,Grenoble,France,6 GeV,(1994)

Synchrotron Sources (3rd generation) 13 SPring ESRF, Grenoble, France, 6 GeV, (1994) -8, Harima, Japan, 8 GeV, (1997) APS, Argonne, IL, 7 GeV, (1996) SSRF Shanghai, China, 3.5Gev, (2009)

上克通大Synchrotron Radiation Facilities Around the World SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY SE业 ANKA B MAX-lab diamond A8onne△ A的 SPring.8 PAL HI三 nsls 1 Australian IDUSi& Synchrotron HDUS SLRI 图 NUS

Synchrotron Radiation Facilities Around the World 8

高频腔 什么是同步辐射？ 二极 磁铁 >同步辐射是以接近光速运动的带电粒 子在改变运动方向时沿切线方向辐射 出的电磁波（光） 四极磁铁 可见光 无线电波 微波 红外线 紫外线软X射线硬X射线 伽玛射线 光子能量（电子伏特 109 107 10 103 10-1 10 103 10 10 ,109 (ev) 无线 微波管电灯 同步辐射 放射性源 自 高亮度： 常规光源（如X光机）的上亿倍 广谱： 从远红外到X射线连续光谱 同步辐 ◆ 高准直性： 几乎是平行光 时间结构： 脉冲时间结构， 脉冲宽度~10ps 射特点 偏振性： 可实现线偏振、圆/椭圆偏振光 相干性： 具有部分相干性，对长波段可实现全相干 高纯净： 无污染、光谱可精确计算