河北医科大学：《天然药物化学》课程教学资源（讲稿）改变世界的分子 Molecules that Changed the World（2019，4/5）

“晶体魔术师” H R S CH3 CH3 OH In same 1945,A.Fleming,H.Florey, and E.Chain split the Noble Prize. Penicillin was at that time the largest molecule to have succumbed to X- ray methods.Hodgkin's proposed structure-B-lactam ring,was not so easily accepted by the scientific community. To date,she's the only female British scientist to receive a Nobel Prize

“晶体化学皇后” Among the 71 British Nobel Prize winners for science, She was elected to the Royal Society Meet the in1947 "I was captured for only woman. life by chemistry and by crystals." We all need science. Science needs women. You can help. Dorothy Hodgkin www.dorothyhodgkinpro

Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Dorothy Hodgkin,one of the outstanding scientists of the 20th century,solved the structures of —Penicillin,1945 -Vitamin B12,1954 -Nobel Priz,1964 —Insulin,.1969 These achievements had an immense impact on chemistry, biochemistry and medical science,establishing the power of X-ray crystallography,and changing the practice of synthetic chemistry

"Combining two careers and three children proved“reasonably easy?”.. A devoted couple with 3 children 9 grandchildren, 3 great-grandchildren Thomas also taught at Oxford Her arthritis improved w/each pregnancy She made time for her kids She could switch easily from deep calculations to kid talk!

“Oxford Housewife Wins Nobel Prize'”, “Nobel Prize for British Wife”. CH:-Co.NH H NM-CO -CHK Co.Mu Hodgkin与中国科学家和学生撒切尔夫人 VB12伯乐化合物 催生了4届诺奖 Donet Croupre Hodghs 3t,234196s Bit-esent 认rly心r与 k吗4 First disclosed at a symposium in 1961;then in a publication in 1962

Synthesizing Penicillin NH2 CH3 入 CH3 H 0 OH COOH Ampicillin,a commonly used Penicillin V semi-synthetic penicillin that is taken orally rather than by John Clark Sheehan injection,was discovered in (1915-1992) 1958 and cam e into commercial use in 1961. After nine years of hard work at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (M.I.T.),he became the first to discover a practical method for synthesizing penicillin V in 1957

Synthesizing Penicillin Dr Wilson Baker hard at work Sir Robert Robinson and Tetrahedron创始人 生物碱之父 Nominated on 51 occasions for the Nobel Prize

Sir Ernst Boris Chain与华北制药厂 Chain is the father of the modern antibiotic industry Ernst Chain A great man of science Chain was also responsible for helping several countries to start up a modern penicillin industry following World War II. 华北制药 Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2013,97(15):6613-6622

Contribution to the Discovery of Penicillin In 1896,the French medical student Ernest Duchesne discovered the antibiotic properties of Penicillium, but failed to report a connection John Burdon-Sanderson (1828-1905) between the fungus and a substance 1871:Penicillium inhibited growth of bacteria that had antibacterial properties,and Penicillium was forgotten in the scientific community until Fleming's rediscovery. Duchesne was posthumously honoured in 1949,5 years after Alexander Fleming had Sir William Roberts (1830-1899) Ernest Duchesne received the Nobel Prize (1874-1912)

Ernest Duchesne Forgotten Father of Penicillium Duchesne was posthumously honoured in 1949,5 years after Alexander Fleming had received the Nobel Prize. A history of antibiotics contains a suggestion on why it was forgotten: While Fleming generally receives credit for discovering penicillin,in fact technically Fleming Ernest Duchesne rediscovered the substance.In 1896,the French (1874-1912) medical student Ernest Duchesne originally 三1874 MONACO1974 discovered the antibiotic properties of Penicillium, but failed to report a connection between the fungus and a substance that had antibacterial properties, and Penicillium was forgotten in the scientific 045 community until Fleming's rediscovery