美国麻省理工大学：《航空航天产业 The Aerospace Industry》教学资源（讲义，英文版）The Aerospace Industry

16.682 The Aerospace Industr april 6 class Special Guests Prof. Ray Leopold Prof. Annalisa Weigel

16.682 The Aerospace Industry April 6 Class Special Guests: Prof. Ray Leopold Prof. Annalisa Weigel

Plan for the class 3: 05-3: 10 Announcements and Introductions 3: 10-3: 25 Discussion on focus for rest of semester Shall we concentrate on human space exploration plan? 3: 25-3: 55 LEV Discussion( Ch 7-8) 3:55-4:05 Break 4: 05-4: 50 Ay Week Article discussions As a satellite program manager, should I choose Falcon I? As the USaF Space architect, should i commit to TC? 4: 50-4:55 Muddy cards Introduction to next weeks special guest 4:55 Adjourn

Plan for the Class 3:05-3:10 Announcements and Introductions 3:10-3:25 Discussion on focus for rest of semester Shall we concentrate on human space exploration plan? 3:25-3:55 LEV Discussion (Ch 7-8) 3:55-4:05 Break 4:05-4:50 Av Week Article Discussions As a satellite program manager, should I choose Falcon I? As the USAF Space Architect, should I commit to TC? 4:50-4:55 Muddy cards Introduction to next week’s special guest 4:55 Adjourn

Should we focus the remaining 3 classes starting with today, on the question: Is there a viable value proposition for human space exploration? Should we sponsor a" forum"on this topic? ros Cons a current issue of national debate Could increase Ties in directly with Part III workload(student and of the book faculty) Frequent topic in aviation Week Would limit discussion Aligns with current student of other topics Interests The class could produce a valuable“ output

• Pros – A current issue of national debate – Ties in directly with Part III of the book – Frequent topic in Aviation Week – Aligns with current student interests – The class could produce a valuable “output” – …. • Cons – Could increase workload (student and faculty) – Would limit discussion of other topics – …. • Should we focus the remaining 3 classes, starting with today, on the question: “Is there a viable value proposition for human space exploration?” • Should we sponsor a “forum” on this topic?

Human Space Flight Program value Thinking about aprogram(a la apollo) to return humans to the Moon, and eventually onto mars Who would be the key program stakeholders What might be their value expectations? What key features would need to be addressed to develop a value proposition

Human Space Flight Program Value • Thinking about a “program” (a la Apollo) to return humans to the Moon, and eventually onto Mars, – Who would be the key program stakeholders? – What might be their value expectations? – What key features would need to be addressed to develop a value proposition?

Points captured from Class Discussion Stakeholders and value expectations Taxpayers: New technologies/inventions, inspiration for students stimulus for the economy Congress: Prestige, Jobs, Unfinished business(China Scientists: Science opportunities US Military: Affordable space access Students and Professors: Funding, educational benefits NASA: Prestige, funding, job satisfaction Investors return on investment Worldwide aerospace community: Financial return Industry contractors: Job and $s, program management techniques Astronauts: Fun Industry in general: strengthen the industrial engineering base Ray's comment: This will be a policy driven proposition, not a market driven proposition Policy driven things are input oriented Market driven driven things are output oriented

Points Captured from Class Discussion Stakeholders and Value Expectations • Taxpayers: New technologies/inventions, inspiration for students, stimulus for the economy • Congress: Prestige, Jobs, Unfinished business (China) • Scientists: Science opportunities • US Military: Affordable space access • Students and Professors: Funding, educational benefits • NASA: Prestige, funding, job satisfaction • Investors: Return on investment • Worldwide aerospace community: Financial return • Industry contractors: Job and $$, program management techniques • Astronauts: Fun • Industry in general: strengthen the industrial engineering base. • Ray’s comment: This will be a policy driven proposition, not a market driven proposition. – Policy driven things are input oriented – Market driven driven things are output oriented

Av Week Article discussion As a satellite program manager. should i choose the falcon i for my next leo launch? Led by prof. Leopold As the USaF Space Architect, should I commit to the Transformational Communications(tC) Architecture? Led by prof. Weigel For each question, one group take the advocacy role and one group take the red team role

AvWeek Article Discussion • As a satellite program manager, should I choose the Falcon I for my next LEO launch? – Led by Prof. Leopold • As the USAF Space Architect, should I commit to the Transformational Communications (TC) Architecture? – Led by Prof. Weigel • For each question, one group take the advocacy role and one group take the red team role

Points Captured from Class Discussion As a satellite program manager, should I choose the Falcon i for my leo launches ros C ons Cheap and inexpensive Higher risk endeavor-no $6M track record Mobil launch platform Vehicle haven t been tested Based upon proven Higher likely hood of going technology out of business Good team expertise Only ss for two failures Supply chain · Could miss launch window Elon musk is good bet ess customer support than Focused enterprise Boeing or others compared with competitors Less experience Untied engines Merlin engines

Points Captured from Class Discussion As a satellite program manager, should I choose the Falcon I for my LEO launches? • Cons – Higher risk endeavor - no track record – Vehicle haven’t been tested – Higher likely hood of going out of business • Only $$ for two failures • Could miss launch window – Less customer support than Boeing or others – Less experience – Untied engines Merlin engines • P r o s – Cheap and inexpensive, $6M – Mobil launch platform – Based upon proven technology – Good team expertise – Supply chain – Elon Musk is good bet – Focused enterprise, compared with competitors

Rays response Untried vehicle is a big concern Bought insurance for both sat and launcher For iridium had deductible for 2-3 failures Cant insure business plan For one time launch would not go with untried launch system But for multiple launch, would buy a portion of launches once it was proven

Ray’s Response • Untried vehicle is a big concern – Bought insurance for both sat and launcher – For Iridium, had deductible for 2-3 failures • Can’t insure business plan • For one time launch would not go with untried launch system • But for multiple launch, would buy a portion of launches once it was proven

Points Captured from Class Discussion As the usaf space architect, should I commit to the Transformational Communications(TC) Architecture ·Pros: Great program C ons Change to a new set of Upfront costs standards but cant have a Realignment of training, etc gap in capability · Upper mgmt turnover Cheaper to do it now rather Limits flexibility for future than later Could stifle innovation Can move specialized functionalities from individual Will funding stability de units to central units Incentive team Information will have many What will happen in the users(gov't agencies) interim? Uniform protocols will give Robustness. All eggs in one integrated seamless system basket New technologies with improved capability

Points Captured from Class Discussion As the USAF Space Architect, should I commit to the Transformational Communications (TC) Architecture? • Pros: Great program – Change to a new set of standards, but can’t have a gap in capability. – Cheaper to do it now rather than later – Can move specialized functionalities from individual units to central units – Information will have many users (gov’t agencies). – Uniform protocols will give integrated seamless system – New technologies with improved capability • Cons – Upfront costs – Realignment of training, etc. • Upper mgmt’ turnover – Limits flexibility for future – Could stifle innovation – Will funding stability de￾incentive team – What will happen in the interim? – Robustness. All eggs in one basket

Annalisa’ s Comments Reliability and putting eggs in one basket Would take out some bad aspects like multiple protocols Balance long term strategy vs short term pain Space architects need to make some tough choices Need to fundamentally rethink how systems work today TC is a way to get us to focus on Sos approach How can one make a network that doesnt go down with failure of one component? Network architecture can be more robust

Annalisa’s Comments • Reliability and putting eggs in one basket. – Would take out some bad aspects like multiple protocols • Balance long term strategy vs short term pain. – Space architects need to make some tough choices. – Need to fundamentally rethink how systems work today. • TC is a way to get us to focus on SoS approach. • How can one make a network that doesn’t go down with failure of one component? – Network architecture can be more robust