上海交通大学：《Computational Thinking and Approach》教学资源（课件讲稿）Lecture01

上游充通大 ParisTech SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY INSTITUT DES SCIENCES ET TECHNOLOGIES PARIS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Computational Thinking and Approach By:Ying Chen Jialiang LU 1

Computational Thinking and Approach By: Ying Chen & Jialiang LU 1

上游充通大 ParisTech SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY INSTITUT DES SCIENCES ET TECHNOLOGIES PARIS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Class organization 2 Credits,15 *2 TH,2 Classes English/Chinese by A.Prof Ying CHEN English by A.Prof JiaLiang LU -35 students Maximum per Class - Online application for class from (FIFS):09/26 8h30-13h. Same exam,same evaluation 20%-10%-20%-50% Assistant: -王际栋 2

Class organization • 2 Credits, 15 * 2 TH, 2 Classes – English/Chinese by A. Prof Ying CHEN – English by A. Prof JiaLiang LU – 35 students Maximum per Class – Online application for class from (FIFS): 09/26 8h30-13h. – Same exam, same evaluation 20%-10%-20%-50% • Assistant: – 王际栋 2

上游充通大 ParisTech SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY INSTITUT DES SCIENCES ET TECHNOLOGIES PARIS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Objectives Introduce fundamental computer science concepts 。How to build a program Learn Python programing How to use various tools to master a programing language 3

Objectives • Introduce fundamental computer science concepts • How to build a program • Learn Python programing • How to use various tools to master a programing language 3

上游充通大 ParisTech SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY INSTITUT DES SCIENCES ET TECHNOLOGIES PARIS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Methods 。Lectures Books http://wirelesslab.situ.edu.cn/~jlu/teaching/py20 14/ Online self-learning sites (www.codecademy.com) ·Online HW system Personal practices and motivations 4

Methods • Lectures • Books • http://wirelesslab.sjtu.edu.cn/~jlu/teaching/py20 14/ • Online self-learning sites (www.codecademy.com) • Online HW system • Personal practices and motivations 4

上游充通大 ParisTech SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY INSTITUT DES SCIENCES ET TECHNOLOGIES PARIS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY WHAT IS A COMPUTER? 6

WHAT IS A COMPUTER? 6

上游充通大学 ParisTech Computer SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY INSTITUT DES SCIENCES ET TECHNOLOGIES Architecture PARIS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY CPU Basics ● Central Processing Unit 。 Microprocessors CPU and main memory CPU Main Memory Register Unit Arithmetic/Logic Address Cell unit Bus Control unit

CPU Basics • Central Processing Unit • Microprocessors • CPU and main memory Computer Architecture Arithmetic/Logic unit Control unit Register Unit … Address Cell CPU Main Memory Bus 7

上游通大学 ParisTech Computer SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY INSTITUT DES SCIENCES ET TECHNOLOGIES Architecture PARIS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Register unit Register unit contains register (data storage cells) General-purpose registers hold the inputs to the arithmeticllogic unit and space for results CPU Main Memory Register Unit Arithmetic/Logic Address Cell unit Bus Control unit 8

Register unit • Register unit contains register (data storage cells) • General-purpose registers hold the inputs to the arithmetic/logic unit and space for results Arithmetic/Logic unit Control unit Register Unit … Address Cell CPU Main Memory + Bus Computer Architecture 8

上游充通大 ParisTech Computer SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY INSTITUT DES SCIENCES ET TECHNOLOGIES Architecture PARIS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Cache Memory Do you ever hear L1/L2/L3 Cache? Registers,Cache memory and Main memory Register is for immediately applicable data to the operation; Main memory is to hold data for near future; Cache Memory is a portion of high-speed memory located within the CPU itself,keeping a copy of main memory of current interest. Cache memory register Main memory register (on time) 9

Cache Memory • Do you ever hear L1/L2/L3 Cache? • Registers, Cache memory and Main memory – Register is for immediately applicable data to the operation; – Main memory is to hold data for near future; – Cache Memory is a portion of high-speed memory located within the CPU itself, keeping a copy of main memory of current interest. • Cache memory  register < Main memory  register (on time) Computer Architecture 9

上游充通大 ParisTech Machine SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY INSTITUT DES SCIENCES ET TECHNOLOGIES PARIS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Language Stored-program concept A program,just like data,can be encoded and stored in main memory and then be extracted, decoded and execute by control unit. Fundamental approach used today. The set of instructions encoded as bit patterns along with encoding system is called Machine Language. 10

Stored-program concept • A program, just like data, can be encoded and stored in main memory and then be extracted, decoded and execute by control unit. • Fundamental approach used today. • The set of instructions encoded as bit patterns along with encoding system is called Machine Language. Machine Language 10

上游充通大 ParisTech Machine SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY INSTITUT DES SCIENCES ET TECHNOLOGIES PARIS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Language RISC vs.CISC Beyond a certain point (certain elementary tasks can be performed),additional features will add nothing to the machine's fundamental capabilities.Very Important! Complex instruction set computer(CISC) (intel AMD o Reduced instruction set computer (approach minimalist): ARM -Advanced RISC Machine 11

RISC vs. CISC • Beyond a certain point (certain elementary tasks can be performed), additional features will add nothing to the machine’s fundamental capabilities. Very Important! • Complex instruction set computer (CISC) • Reduced instruction set computer (approach minimalist): – Advanced RISC Machine Machine Language 11