西安建筑科技大学：《水资源利用与保护》参考资料_Wastewater as a resource_The arsenic problem - removal of arsenic

Assoc Prof. TorOve Leiknes water for life

Assoc.Prof. TorOve Leiknes 1 ”water for life…

The removal of arsenic from Drinking Water presented by Assoc Prof trove leiknes NTNU Norwegian university of Science and Technolog Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering Assoc Prof. TorOve Leiknes

Assoc.Prof. TorOve Leiknes 2 The Removal of Arsenic from Drinking Water presented by Assoc.Prof. TorOve Leiknes Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering

POSON Arsenic associations 6 /a3 a WARNER BRDS By Joseph Kesselring Assoc Prof. TorOve Leiknes

Assoc.Prof. TorOve Leiknes 3 Arsen tions? ic associa By Joseph Kesselring

o Arsenic(As)-Fact Sheet Common metal in earths crust avg concentration 2 mg/kg 200 mineral species most common arsenopyrite(feAss) Found as inorganic as and in organic compounds. Some species have an affinity for clay mineral surfaces and organic mater Essentials As in drinking water first found in Arsenic(As) 1938(Argentina) Atomic nr: 33 Atomic weight 74.9 Std state: solid at 298K Toxicity metalloid-brittle, crystalline As(ID->As(V 100 InorganIc →> organic compounds Assoc Prof. TorOve Leiknes

Assoc.Prof. TorOve Leiknes 4 Arsenic (As) – Fact Sheet: • Common metal in earths crust – avg.concentration 2 mg/kg • > 200 mineral species, most common arsenopyrite (FeAsS) • Found as inorganic As and in organic compounds. Some species have an affinity for clay mineral surfaces and organic mater • As in drinking water first found in 1938 (Argentina) Essentials: • Arsenic (As) • Atomic nr: 33 • Atomic weight 74.9 • Std state: solid at 298 K • metalloid – brittle, crystalline Toxicity 100 inorganic As organic compounds ×→ 60 As(III) As(V) ×→

o Arsenic(as)-production and use Sector Use examples Wood and timber preservatives Lumber (copper chrome arsenate-CCA) Agriculture Pesticides. insecticides herbicides defoliants debarking agents soil sterilant Livestock Feed additives(weight gain, feed efficiency -swine/poultry) disease preventives, dips algaecides Medicine Antisyphilitic drugs, treatment of trypanosomiasis amebIasis, Sleeping sickness Glassware, electrophotography, catalysts pyrotechnics, antifouling paints, dye and soaps Industry ceramics, pharmaceutical substances, alloys, battery plates, solar cells, optoelectronic devices, semiconductor application, light emitting diodes in digital watches, mining and smelting, fossil fuels Assoc Prof. TorOve Leiknes

Assoc.Prof. TorOve Leiknes 5 Arsenic (As) – production and use Glassware, electrophotography, catalysts, pyrotechnics, antifouling paints, dye and soaps, ceramics, pharmaceutical substances, alloys, battery plates, solar cells, optoelectronic devices, semiconductor application, light emitting diodes in digital watches, mining and smelting, fossil fuels Industry Antisyphilitic drugs, treatment of trypanosomiasis, amebiasis, sleeping sickness Medicine Feed additives (weight gain, feed efficiency – swine/poultry), disease preventives, dips, algaecides Livestock Pesticides, insecticides, herbicides, defoliants, debarking agents, soil sterilant Agriculture Wood and timber preservatives (copper chrome arsenate - CCA) Lumber Sector Use examples

o Arsenic(As)-production and use 8% 22% 70% O Timber treatment (CCA-copper chrome arsenate O Agricultural chemical (pestcide/herbacides, animal feed) D Others(pharmaceutical, glass, non-ferrous alloys) Assoc Prof. TorOve Leiknes

Assoc.Prof. TorOve Leiknes 6 Arsenic (As) – production and use 70 % 22 % 8 % Timber treatment (CCA - copper chrome arsenate) Agricultural chemical (pestacide/herbacides, animal feed) Others (pharmaceutical, glass, non-ferrous alloys)

o Arsenic(As)-Environmental levels Air rural areas.02-4 ng/m3 urban areas-3-200 ng/m industrial areas >1000 ng/m3 Open sea water average concentration -1-2 ug/liter Assoc Prof. TorOve Leiknes

Assoc.Prof. TorOve Leiknes 7 Arsenic (As) – Environmental levels: Air: • rural areas – 0.02 – 4 ng/m3 • urban areas – 3 – 200 ng/m3 • industrial areas > 1000 ng/m3 Open sea water: • average concentration – 1 – 2 µg/liter

o Arsenic(As)-Environmental levels Fresh water generally below 10 ug/liter near anthropogenic sources-5 mg/liter ground water average -1-2 ug/liter geology dependent-up to 3 mg/liter 8 Assoc Prof. TorOve Leiknes

Assoc.Prof. TorOve Leiknes 8 Arsenic (As) – Environmental levels: Fresh water: • generally below 10 µg/liter • near anthropogenic sources – 5 mg/liter • ground water average – 1-2 µg/liter • geology dependent – up to 3 mg/liter

回 Arsenic(As)- in usa: 8 EXPLANATION Alaska 10-50 ≥UsGS 5 Hawa

Assoc.Prof. TorOve Leiknes 9 Arsenic (As) – in USA:

Arsenic(As) Probability of Arsenic Exceeding 0.05 mg/ <59 Bangladesh 5-2090 20-45% 45=709 70-1009 No Data Geochemical map of Bangladesh As first measured in groundwater in 1993 Assoc Prof. TorOve Leiknes

Assoc.Prof. TorOve Leiknes 10 Arsenic (As) – Bangladesh: Geochemical map of Bangladesh: As first measured in groundwater in 1993