麻省理工大学：《生物学》教学资源（试题库，英文版）BACTERIAL CELL

MIT Biology Department 7.012: Introductory Biology-Fal 2004 Instructors: Professor Eric Lander, Professor Robert A. Weinberg, Dr. Claudette Gard Outer membrane Inner membrane Periplasm Cytoplasm chromosome mRNA otein Outside the cell BACTERIAL CELL

Cytoplasm chromosome Inner membrane Periplasm Outer membrane Outside the cell BACTERIAL CELL mRNA protein MIT Biology Department 7.012: Introductory Biology - Fall 2004 Instructors: Professor Eric Lander, Professor Robert A. Weinberg, Dr. Claudette Gardel

Plasma membrane Mitochondrion Nucleus Cytoplasm N Endoplasmic Recticulur Apparatus Outside the cel EUKARYOTIC CELL

EUKARYOTIC CELL Mitochondrion Plasma membrane Nucleus Endoplasmic Recticulum Golgi Apparatus Cytoplasm Outside the Cell N

Examples Fully Cytoplasmic Membrane Secreted Protein Protein Protein (Outside the Cell) Bacteria B-galactosidase Lactose Receptor Toxin Histidine synthesis Insulin Eukaryotic Insulin Receptor Lactase Growth Factor Growth Factors Cell Glycolysis Enzymes Receptors Antibodies Cyclins

Eukaryotic Cell Bacteria Insulin Growth Factors Antibodies Insulin Receptor Growth Factor Receptors Histidine synthesis Lactase Glycolysis Enzymes Cyclins
galactosidase Lactose Receptor Toxin Fully Secreted Protein (Outside the Cell) Membrane Protein Cytoplasmic Protein Examples

G eorge palade Images removed due to copyright reasons

George Palade Images removed due to copyright reasons

Images removed due to copyright reasons

Images removed due to copyright reasons

Hamster pancreatic cleus Mitochondrion

Hamster pancreatic Nucleus Mitochondrion

Earliest Time point ER Gold Vesicles

Earliest Time point

Next observed location golgi

Next observed location

Location After Golgi ER Vesicles

Location After Golgi

Millstein Image removed due to copyright reasons FROM NOBEL LECTURE 1984 in vitro synthesis of immunoglobulin light chains To our delight we ran into the unexpected observation of the existence of a biosynthetic precursor of light chains. Further experiments led us to propose the extra N-terminal sequence was a signal for vectorial transport across the membrane during protein synthesis. That was the first evidence which indicated that the signal for secretion was an n-terminal segment, rapidly cleaved during protein synthesis

Millstein “in vitro synthesis of immunoglobulin light chains. … To our delight we ran into the unexpected observation of the existence of a biosynthetic precursor of light chains. Further experiments led us to propose the extra N-terminal sequence was a signal for vectorial transport across the membrane during protein synthesis. That was the first evidence which indicated that the signal for secretion was an N-terminal segment, rapidly cleaved during protein synthesis.” FROM NOBEL LECTURE 1984 Image removed due to copyright reasons