《精神病学 Psychiatry》课程教学课件（PPT讲稿）Personality Disorders

Personality Disorders

Personality Disorders

PersonalityWhat is personality? Personality is a unique and long-term pattern ofinnerexperience and outward behaviorPersonalitytends to be consistent and is oftendescribed in terms of "traits"Thesetraits may beinherited,learned,or bothPersonalityis also flexible,allowing us to adapt to newenvironmentsForthosewith personalitydisorders,however,thatflexibilityis usuallymissingSlide2

Personality  What is personality?  Personality is a unique and long-term pattern of inner experience and outward behavior  Personality tends to be consistent and is often described in terms of “traits”  These traits may be inherited, learned, or both  Personality is also flexible, allowing us to adapt to new environments  For those with personality disorders, however, that flexibility is usually missing Slide 2

PersonalityDisordersWhat is a personality disorder?A very rigid pattern of inner experience andoutward behaviorThis pattern is seen in most interactions,differs from the experiences and behaviorsusually expected, and continues for yearsSlide3

Personality Disorders  What is a personality disorder?  A very rigid pattern of inner experience and outward behavior  This pattern is seen in most interactions, differs from the experiences and behaviors usually expected, and continues for years Slide 3

Classifying Personality DisordersA personality disorder is diagnosed only when itcauses impairments in social or occupationalfunctioning, or when it causes personal distressPersonality disorders typically become recognizable inadolescence orearlyadulthoodGenerally, the affected person does not regard his orher behavior as undesirable or problematicIthasbeen estimated that9to13%ofall adults mayhaveapersonalitydisorderSlide4

Classifying Personality Disorders  A personality disorder is diagnosed only when it causes impairments in social or occupational functioning, or when it causes personal distress  Personality disorders typically become recognizable in adolescence or early adulthood  Generally, the affected person does not regard his or her behavior as undesirable or problematic  It has been estimated that 9 to 13% of all adults may have a personality disorder Slide 4

Classifying Personality DisordersClassifying these disorders is difficultbecause little is known about their originsordevelopment They are diagnosed on Axis II of the DSM-IVSlide5

Classifying Personality Disorders  Classifying these disorders is difficult because little is known about their origins or development  They are diagnosed on Axis II of the DSM￾IV Slide 5

Classifying Personality DisordersThose diagnosed with personality disorders areoften also diagnosed with an Axis I disorderThis relationship is called “comorbidity"Axis Il disorders may predisposepeopleto developanAxisIdisorder,orAxisI disordersmay setthe stageforAxisIldisorders,or some biologicalconditionmay set the stageforboth!Whatever the reason,research indicates thatthepresence of a personality disorder complicates andreduces a person's chances for a successful recoverySlide6

Classifying Personality Disorders  Those diagnosed with personality disorders are often also diagnosed with an Axis I disorder  This relationship is called “comorbidity”  Axis II disorders may predispose people to develop an Axis I disorder, or Axis I disorders may set the stage for Axis II disorders, or some biological condition may set the stage for both!  Whatever the reason, research indicates that the presence of a personality disorder complicates and reduces a person’s chances for a successful recovery Slide 6

Classifying Personality DisordersThe DSM-V identifies ten personality disordersand separates these into three categories or“clusters":Odd or eccentric behaviorParanoid,schizoid,and schizotypalpersonalitydisordersDramatic,emotional,or erraticbehaviorAntisocial,borderline,narcissistic,and histrionicpersonalitydisordersAnxious orfearfulbehaviorAvoidant,dependent,andobsessive-compulsivepersonalitydisordersSlide7

Classifying Personality Disorders  The DSM-V identifies ten personality disorders and separates these into three categories or “clusters”:  Odd or eccentric behavior  Paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personality disorders  Dramatic, emotional, or erratic behavior  Antisocial, borderline, narcissistic, and histrionic personality disorders  Anxious or fearful behavior  Avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders Slide 7

Classifying Personality Disorders The various personality disorders overlapeach other so much that it can be difficultto distinguish one from another The frequent lack of agreement betweenclinicians and diagnosticians has raisedconcerns about the validity and reliabilityofthesecategoriesSlide8

Classifying Personality Disorders  The various personality disorders overlap each other so much that it can be difficult to distinguish one from another  The frequent lack of agreement between clinicians and diagnosticians has raised concerns about the validity and reliability of these categories Slide 8

“Odd"PersonalityDisordersThe cluster of “odd" personality disordersincludes:Paranoid personality disorderSchizoid personality disorderSchizotypal personality disorderSlide9

“Odd” Personality Disorders  The cluster of “odd” personality disorders includes:  Paranoid personality disorder  Schizoid personality disorder  Schizotypal personality disorder Slide 9

“Odd"PersonalityDisordersPeople with these disorders display behaviorssimilar to, but not as extensive as, schizophreniaBehaviorsincludeextreme suspiciousness,socialwithdrawal, and peculiarways ofthinking andperceivingthings Such behaviors leave the person isolated Some clinicians believethatthese disorders areactuallyrelated to schizophrenia, and thus callthem"schizophrenia-spectrum disorders"Slide10

“Odd” Personality Disorders  People with these disorders display behaviors similar to, but not as extensive as, schizophrenia  Behaviors include extreme suspiciousness, social withdrawal, and peculiar ways of thinking and perceiving things  Such behaviors leave the person isolated  Some clinicians believe that these disorders are actually related to schizophrenia, and thus call them “schizophrenia-spectrum disorders” Slide 10