吉林大学：《综合英语精读》课程电子教案（PPT课件，一）09 Grammar Patten Drills

Lesson Nine Grammar Patten Drills Text A Exercises

Grammar Patten Drills Text A Exercises

Lesson Nine Part One Grammar---Indirect Speech(1) There are two ways of relating what a person has said:direct and indirect. In direct speech(直接引语)we repeat the original speaker's exact words: He said,"I am writing a letter." Remarks thus repeated are placed between inverted commas(引号)，and a comma or colon(冒号)is placed immediately before the remark. In indirect speech(间接引语)we give the exact meaning of a remark or a speech,without necessarily using the speaker's exact words:

Part One Grammar---Indirect Speech(1) There are two ways of relating what a person has said: direct and indirect. In direct speech（直接引语）we repeat the original speaker’s exact words: He said,“I am writing a letter.” Remarks thus repeated are placed between inverted commas（引号）, and a comma or colon（冒号） is placed immediately before the remark. In indirect speech（间接引语）we give the exact meaning of a remark or a speech, without necessarily using the speaker’s exact words: Lesson Nine

Grammar He said that he was writing a letter. (He said,"I am writing a letter.") Indirect speech is usually used in reporting conversation, though direct speech is sometimes used here to give a more life-like effect. When we turn direct speech into indirect,some changes are usually necessary.These are most easily studied by considering statements,questions and commands separately 1.Statements in indirect speech I)When the reporting verb(☑引述动词)is in the present,. present perfect,or future tense,there is no change of tense in the word reported

He said that he was writing a letter. (He said,“I am writing a letter.”) Indirect speech is usually used in reporting conversation, though direct speech is sometimes used here to give a more life-like effect. When we turn direct speech into indirect, some changes are usually necessary. These are most easily studied by considering statements, questions and commands separately. 1. Statements in indirect speech 1) When the reporting verb（引述动词） is in the present, present perfect, or future tense, there is no change of tense in the word reported. Grammar

Grammar e.g."I'm tired." She says (that)she is tired. She has just told me (that)she is tired She will tell you (that)she is tired 2)Indirect speech is usually introduced by a verb in the past.Verbs in the direct speech normally go back one tense from what was said originally:

e.g. “I’m tired.” She says (that) she is tired. She has just told me (that) she is tired. She will tell you (that) she is tired. 2) Indirect speech is usually introduced by a verb in the past. Verbs in the direct speech normally go back one tense from what was said originally: Grammar

2 Grammar Rules Direct Indirect past Tense past Perfect Tense present Tense → past Tense future Tense future in the past can/may → could/might shall/will → should/would must/ought to must/ought to need need had better had better

Direct Indirect past Tense → past Perfect Tense present Tense → past Tense future Tense → future in the past can/may → could/might shall/will → should/would must/ought to → must/ought to need → need had better → had better Grammar

Grammar e.g. (I)He said,“T'm sorry.” He said he was sorry. (2)She said,"You haven't changed much." She said that I hadn't changed much." (3)He said,"The man came at six." He said that the man had come at six (4)She said,“I will go with you.” She told me that she would go with me. (5)He said,"the man may come." He said that the man might come

(1) He said, “I’m sorry.” He said he was sorry. (2) She said, “You haven’t changed much.” She said that I hadn’t changed much.” (3) He said, “The man came at six.” He said that the man had come at six. (4) She said, “I will go with you.” She told me that she would go with me. (5) He said, “the man may come.” He said that the man might come. Grammar e.g

Grammar 3)Adverbs of time and place and a few other expressions change as follows: Direct Indirect now → then here → there this/these → that/those today that day yesterday the day before tomorrow the next day/ the following day

3) Adverbs of time and place and a few other expressions change as follows: Direct Indirect now → then here → there this/these → that/those today → that day yesterday → the day before tomorrow → the next day/ the following day Grammar

Grammar next week/year the following week/year a year ago > a year before/ the previous year last night → the night before three days ago → three days before e.g.1)"You may have this book for one week."said the librarian. The librarian said that I might have that book for a week. 2)She said,"Now I live in London She said that then she lived in London

next week/year → the following week/year a year ago → a year before/ the previous year last night → the night before three days ago → three days before e.g.1) “You may have this book for one week.”said the librarian. The librarian said that I might have that book for a week. 2) She said, “Now I live in London” She said that then she lived in London. Grammar

Grammar 3)He said,"She arrived here yesterday." He said that she had arrived there the day before. 4)The pronouns also change. e.g.1)Jane said,"I am glad to see you." Jane said that she was glad to see me BUT In some sentences,the pronouns don't have to be changed. 2)He said,"she is tired." He said that she was tired

3) He said, “She arrived here yesterday.” He said that she had arrived there the day before. 4) The pronouns also change. e.g.1) Jane said, “I am glad to see you.” Jane said that she was glad to see me. BUT In some sentences, the pronouns don’t have to be changed. 2) He said, “she is tired.” He said that she was tired. Grammar

Grammar 5)When the sentence expresses a fact that is supposed to be universally true and not merely applicable to the time when the statement was made,the present tense may be used in indirect speech. e.g.1)"The earth moves around the sun,"the teacher told us. The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun.(客观真理) 2)"The meeting is next Tuesday,"He said. He said that the meeting is next Tuesday. (间接引语所说的情况在说话人说话时仍然存在)

5) When the sentence expresses a fact that is supposed to be universally true and not merely applicable to the time when the statement was made,the present tense may be used in indirect speech. e.g. 1) “The earth moves around the sun,”the teacher told us. The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun.（客观真理） 2) “The meeting is next Tuesday,” He said. He said that the meeting is next Tuesday. (间接引语所说的情况在说话人说话时仍然存在) Grammar