复旦大学：《计算机原理 Computer System》课程PPT课件_Hardware Organization

Hardware Organization

1 Hardware Organization

Outline Four hardware components Processor Main memory Peripherals(I/O devices) Connections(buses) Suggested read 1g -14~16

2 Outline • Four hardware components – Processor – Main memory – Peripherals (I/O devices) – Connections (buses) • Suggested reading – 1.4~1.6

CPU Register file I PC ALU System bus Memory bus Ma Bus interface ridge memory lO bus Expansion slots for ot her devices such USB Graphics Disk as network adapters controller adapter controller Mouse Keyboard Dsplay hello executable Disk stored on disk

3 P7

Hardware Organization Buses Carry bytes of information back and forth between the components Word(4 bytes, 8 bytes) I/O devices Keyboard, Mouse Display Disk driver(long- term storage device) Controller, adapter

4 Hardware Organization • Buses – Carry bytes of information back and forth between the components – Word(4 bytes, 8 bytes) • I/O devices – Keyboard, Mouse – Display – Disk driver (long-term storage device) – Controller, adapter

Hardware Organization Main Memory Temporary storage device Holds both a program and the data while the processor is executing the program Physically, it is a collection of Dynamic Random Access Memory(DRAM) chips Logically, it is a linear array of bytes with unique address starting at o

5 Hardware Organization • Main Memory – Temporary storage device – Holds both a program and the data while the processor is executing the program – Physically, it is a collection of Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) chips – Logically, it is a linear array of bytes with unique address starting at 0

CPU Reister file PC ALl Bus interface

6

Central Processing Unit (processor) Interprets instructions in the memor Program counter Point to instruction currently been executed Register file Small storage device A collection of word-size registers Each register has its unique name ALU Arithmetic/Logic Unit Computes new data and address values

7 Central Processing Unit (processor) • Interprets instructions in the memory • Program counter – Point to instruction currently been executed • Register file – Small storage device – A collection of word-size registers – Each register has its unique name • ALU – Arithmetic/Logic Unit – Computes new data and address values

Central Processing Unit (processor) oa Memory to Register · Store Register to Memory Update Register(s)to register I/O Read I/o device to register I/O Write Register to i/o device Jump Extract a word from the instruction and copy it to pc

8 Central Processing Unit (processor) • Load – Memory to Register • Store – Register to Memory • Update – Register(s) to register • I/O Read – I/O device to register • I/O Write – Register to I/O device • Jump – Extract a word from the instruction and copy it to PC

CPU Register file I PC ALU System bus Memory bus Main"hello Bus interlac ge memory HHHE 1O bus Expansion slots for other devices such Graphics Disk as network adapters control adapter controller Mouse Keyboard Dsplay ser Disk types P10"e

9 P10

CPU Register file PC ALU System bus Memory bus Q Bus interface Main "hello, worldin bri lge memory hello code 1/O bus Expansion slots for other dev ioes such GraphIcs Di as network adapters controller adapter contoller Mouse Keyboard Dis play hello executable P10 Di stored on disk

10 P10