上海交通大学：《大学化学》教学资源_大学化学Chemistry_Naming Inorganic Compounds

Naming Inorganic Compounds Chapter 2

Naming Inorganic Compounds lonic compounds Chemical Nomenclature Acids Molecular compounds Rules for Naming Monatomic Ions Positive ions---Cations 1.Cations formed from metal atoms name as the metal. Na*Sodium ion Mg:Magnesium ion Zn2+:Zinc ion K+:Potassium ion Ca2:Calcium ion Ba2 Barium ion Li:lithium ion Al3+:Aluminum ion

Rules for Naming Monatomic Ions Positive ions---Cations 1. Cations formed from metal atoms name as the metal. Ionic compounds Chemical Nomenclature Acids Molecular compounds      + + Na : : Li : lithium ion Sodium ion K Potassium ion  2 2 2 2+ : : : Ba : Mg Magnesium ion Zn Zinc ion Ca Calcium ion Barium ion    3+ Al : Aluminum ion

Rules for Naming Monatomic Ions Positive ions--Cations 2.If a metal can form different cations,the positive charge is indicated by a Roman numeral in parentheses following the name of the metal Fe:iron(II)ion Cu:Copper(1)ion Fe iron(III)ion Cu2+Copper(II)ion An older method: -ous the lower charged Fe2*:ferrous ion Cu'cuprous ion -ic the higher Fe:ferric ion Cu:cupric ion charged

2. If a metal can form dif erent cations, the positive charge is indicated by a Roman numeral in parentheses following the name of the metal 2 3 : ( ) : ( ) Fe iron II ion Fe iron III ion   + 2 : C ( ) : ( ) Cu opper I ion Cu Copper II ion  -ous : the lower charged -ic : the higher charged An older method : 2 3 : Fe : ferr ion Fe fer ous ric ion   2 : : Cu cupr ion Cu cup ous ric ion  

Fe:iron(II ion Fe iron(III)ion cover oil° spray microscope several thousand volts uniform electric field Simplified scheme of Millikan's oil drop experiment

Simplified scheme of Millikan’s oil drop experiment 2 3 : ( ) : ( ) Fe iron II ion Fe iron III ion  

Rules for Naming Monatomic Ions Positive ions--Cations 2.If a metal can form different cations,the positive charge is indicated by a Roman numeral in parentheses following the name of the metal Common cations of the transition elements: Cr3+:chromium(IID)or chromic Cr2+:chromium(ID)or chromous Hg2+:mecury(II)or mercuric Ag":silver Hg2:mecury(I)or mercurous Zn2+:zinc Co2+:cobalt(II)or cobaltous Cd2+:cadmium Mn2*:manganese(II)or manganous

2. If a metal can form dif erent cations, the positive charge is indicated by a Roman numeral in parentheses following the name of the metal Common cations of the transition elements: 3+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2 2+ 2+ Cr :chromium(III) or chrom Cr :chromium(II) or chrom Hg :mecury(II) or mercur Hg :mecury(I) or mercur Co :cobalt(II) or cobalt Mn :manganese ic ous ic ous ous (II) or manganous + 2+ 2+ Ag :silver Zn :zinc Cd :cadmium

Rules for Naming Monatomic Ions Positive ions--Cations 3.Cations formed from nonmetal atoms have names that end in -ium NH:ammonium ion HO:hydronium ion

4 3 : NH : ammon ion H O hydro ium nium ion   3. Cations formed from nonmetal atoms have names that end in -ium

Rules for Naming Ions Negative ions--Anions 1.The names of the monatomic anions are formed by replacing the end of the names of elements by-ide H H-hydrogen H:hydride ion O-oxygen O2-:oxide ion,:peroxide ion, S2- S-sulfur S-:sulfide ion N3- N-nitrogen N:nitride ion F F-fluorine F:fluoride ion Cl-chlorine Cl:chloride ion Br Br-bromine Br:bromide ion I I-iodine I:iodide ion 2.Afew simple polyatomic ions also have names ending in -ide OH:hydroxide ion; CN-:cyanide ion

H hydrogen O oxygen S sulfur N nitrogen     1. The names of the monatomic anions are formed by replacing the end of the names of elements by –ide F fluorine Cl chlorine Br bromine I iodine     2 2 3 H O S N     2 2- 2 2 3 : : ; O : ; : : H hydr ion O ox ion perox ide ion S sulf i ide ide on N nitr ide ide ion     F Cl Br I     : : : : F fluor ion Cl chlor ion Br brom ion ide ide i I iod de ide ion     2. A few simple polyatomic ions also have names ending in –ide OH : hydroxide ion; CN : cyanide ion  

Rules for Naming Ions Negative ions--Anions 3.Polyatomic anions containing oxygen have names ending in -ate or -ite NO,:nitrate ion SO:sulfate ion NO,:nitrite ion SO:sulfite ion CIO:perchlorate ion C103: chlorate ion C102: chlorite ion ClO:hypochlorite ion

3. Polyatomic anions containing oxygen have names ending in –ate or –ite 2 4 2 3 : : SO sulf ion SO sulf ate ite ion   3 2 : NO : nitr ion NO nitr ate ite ion   4 3 2 : : : : ClO chlor ion ClO chlor ion ClO chlor io per ate ate ite h n ClO ypochlorite ion    

Rules for Naming Ions Negative ions--Anions 4.Anions derived by adding a H+to an oxyanion are named by adding hydrogen or dihydrogen CO:carbonate ion Bicarbonate ion HCO:hydrogen carbonate ion SO:sulfate ion Bisulfate ion HSO:hydrogen sulfate ion MnO:manganate ion PO phosphate ion MnO:permanganate ion HPO:hydrogen phosphate ion CrO:chromate ion H,PO:dihydrogen phosphate ion CrOdichromate ion

4. Anions derived by adding a H+ to an oxyanion are named by adding hydrogen or dihydrogen 2 4 4 : : S ate hydrogen O sulf ion HSO sulfate ion   2 3 3 : : C ate hydrogen O carbon ion HCO carbonate ion   Bisulfate ion Bicarbonate ion 3 4 2 4 2 4 : : : ate hy PO phosph ion HPO phosph ion H PO drogen ate dihydrogen phosphate ion    2 4 2 2 7 : : CrO chrom ion Cr O chrom ate di ate ion   2 4 4 : : MnO mangan ion MnO mangan ate per ate ion  

Rules for Naming Ionic Compounds Ionic Compounds name of cation name of anion NaCl sodium chloride Cach calcium chloride Al(NO):aluminum nitrate Cu(CIO)2:copper(I1)perchlorate cupric perchlorate Ba(OH),:Barium hydroxide NH Br:ammonium bromide Cr,O:chromium(III)oxide

name of cation + name of anion 2 : : NaCl CaCl 3 3 4 2 2 ( ) : ( ) : ( ) : Al NO Cu ClO Ba OH 2 : : NaCl sodium chlor CaCl calcium chl ide oride 3 3 4 2 2 ( ) : ( ) : ( ) ( ) : Al NO alumin ate per ate p um nitr Cu ClO copper II chlor cupric chlor Ba OH Barium hydro er ate xide 4 2 3 : : NH Br Cr O 4 2 3 : : ( ) NH Br ammon brom Cr O chromium ium id III o e xide