上海交通大学：《工程学导论》课程教学资源（课件讲稿）第4章 梦想与创造力

上游充通大￥ SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY 第四章 梦想与创造力 福 1日回后

第四章 梦想与创造力

上游充通大￥ SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY 课本内容小结 ■工程需要创造力； ■观察并掌握人类的生活、工作及娱乐需求，是发明与创造工作最有 效的切入点； ■任何人都具有不同程度的创造力，都可能成为发明家： ■现代高科技产品往往需要依赖群体的技术创新推动： ■工科学习有助于创造力的培养和提高： ■成功的创造性工程师永不会放弃。 1月白后

课本内容小结  工程需要创造力；  观察并掌握人类的生活、工作及娱乐需求，是发明与创造工作最有 效的切入点；  任何人都具有不同程度的创造力，都可能成为发明家；  现代高科技产品往往需要依赖群体的技术创新推动；  工科学习有助于创造力的培养和提高；  成功的创造性工程师永不会放弃

上游充通大粤 SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY References o Boden,M.A.(2004)The creative mind,myths and mechanisms,2nd ed.London and New York:Routledge. c Childs,P.(2018)Mechanical design engineering handbook.2nd ed.Elsevier Butterworth Heinemann. Elsevier Butterworth Heinemann. Childs,P.and Garvey,B.(2015).Using Morphological Analysis to Tackle Uncertainty at the Design Phase for a Safety Critical Application.Propulsion and Power Research,4(1),pp.1-8. Childs,P.and Garvey,B.(2013).Applying Problem Structuring Methods to the Design Process for Safety Helmets.In:Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Helmet Performance and Design.London:DEG Imperial,pp.13-1-13-10. IPCC,2014:Climate Change 2014:Synthesis Report.Contribution of Working Groups I,Il and Ill to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Core Writing Team,R.K.Pachauri and L.A Meyer(eds.)].IPCC,Geneva,Switzerland,151 pp. o Jones,M.(1995).The thinker's toolkit.New York:Three Rivers Press. o MacKay,D.(2008).Sustainable Energy-without the hot air.UIT Cambridge Ltd. Michalko,M.(2011).Cracking creativity.New York:Random House US. o Nordhaus,W.(2008).A question of balance.New Haven:Yale University Press. Osborn,A.F.Applied imagination:Principles and procedures of creative problem solving.3rd ed.Scribner's,1963. c Treffinger,D.J.,Isaksen,S.G.,and Stead-Dorval,K.B.Creative problem solving:An introduction.4th ed.Prufrock Press,2006. Brain Pickings.(2018).The Art of Thought:A Pioneering 1926 Model of the Four Stages of Creativity

References  Boden, M.A. (2004) The creative mind, myths and mechanisms, 2nd ed. London and New York: Routledge.  Childs, P. (2018) Mechanical design engineering handbook. 2nd ed. Elsevier Butterworth Heinemann. Elsevier Butterworth Heinemann.  Childs, P. and Garvey, B. (2015). Using Morphological Analysis to Tackle Uncertainty at the Design Phase for a Safety Critical Application. Propulsion and Power Research, 4(1), pp.1-8.  Childs, P. and Garvey, B. (2013). Applying Problem Structuring Methods to the Design Process for Safety Helmets. In: Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Helmet Performance and Design. London:DEG Imperial, pp. 13-1-13-10.  IPCC, 2014: Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Core Writing Team, R.K. Pachauri and L.A. Meyer (eds.)]. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, 151 pp.  Jones, M. (1995). The thinker's toolkit. New York: Three Rivers Press.  MacKay, D. (2008). Sustainable Energy-without the hot air. UIT Cambridge Ltd.  Michalko, M. (2011). Cracking creativity. New York: Random House US.  Nordhaus, W. (2008). A question of balance. New Haven: Yale University Press.  Osborn, A.F. Applied imagination: Principles and procedures of creative problem solving. 3rd ed. Scribner’s, 1963.  Treffinger, D.J., Isaksen, S.G., and Stead-Dorval, K.B. Creative problem solving: An introduction. 4th ed. Prufrock Press, 2006.  Brain Pickings. (2018).The Art of Thought: A Pioneering 1926 Model of the Four Stages of Creativity

上游充通大￥ e SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY 创造力的构成 作为基础因素的知识，包括吸收知识的能力、记忆知识 的能力和理解知识的能力。 以创造性思维能力为核心的智能。智能是智力和多种能 力的综合，既包括敏锐、独特的观察力，高度集中的注 意力，高效持久的记忆力和灵活自如的操作力，也包括 创造性思维能力，还包括掌握和运用创造原理、技巧和 方法的能力等。 创造个性品质，包括意志、情操等方面的内容。永不满 足的进取心、强烈的求知欲、坚韧顽强的意志、积极主 动的独立思考精神等

创造力的构成 作为基础因素的知识，包括吸收知识的能力、记忆知识 的能力和理解知识的能力。 以创造性思维能力为核心的智能。智能是智力和多种能 力的综合，既包括敏锐、独特的观察力，高度集中的注 意力，高效持久的记忆力和灵活自如的操作力，也包括 创造性思维能力，还包括掌握和运用创造原理、技巧和 方法的能力等。 创造个性品质，包括意志、情操等方面的内容。永不满 足的进取心、强烈的求知欲、坚韧顽强的意志、积极主 动的独立思考精神等

上游充通大￥ SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY Predictability and routine Where the stifle creativity;novelty and magic happens unpredictability encourage it. your Comfort Zone 聚合思维和发散思维相结合。 建立一个关于两种无关联产品的特征矩阵，并创造出新 的依赖关系： 每十分钟更换一次气味的空气清香剂（将时间与香味的概念融合 运动量不够费用便会依结构而增长的体育馆（健身与激励的结合）

Predictability and routine stifle creativity; novelty and unpredictability encourage it. 聚合思维和发散思维相结合。 建立一个关于两种无关联产品的特征矩阵，并创造出新 的依赖关系： • 每十分钟更换一次气味的空气清香剂（将时间与香味的概念融合） • 运动量不够费用便会依结构而增长的体育馆（健身与激励的结合）

上游充通大￥ SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY Creativity tools Brainstorming ©Six Thinking Hats Morphological Analysis TRIZ:Theory of Inventive Problem Solving SCAMPER(Substitute,Combine,Adapt,Magnify or Modify,Put to other uses,Eliminate,Reverse or Rearrange)

Creativity tools Brainstorming Six Thinking Hats Morphological Analysis TRIZ: Theory of Inventive Problem Solving SCAMPER (Substitute, Combine, Adapt, Magnify or Modify, Put to other uses, Eliminate, Reverse or Rearrange)

上游充通大￥ SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY Brainstorming <10 people present to aid effective group dynamics. Don't criticize or mock up any ideas or individuals during the session. Have lots of flip charts,marker pens,pencils and paper available. Make sure you introduce and state the brief clearly. Define a set period of time for the session

Brainstorming < 10 people present to aid effective group dynamics. Don't criticize or mock up any ideas or individuals during the session. Have lots of flip charts, marker pens, pencils and paper available. Make sure you introduce and state the brief clearly. Define a set period of time for the session

上游充通大￥ SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY Brainstorming UNIqUE Flipchart:list,aim for quantities, VELY RoBoT FKAME 天的Hr-EACy m iot narrow down for further discussion ime4L时fwg E名au# Eie打LVut at the end Post-its:writing ideas on Post-its, discuss,order,rearrange and further discuss

Brainstorming Flipchart: list, aim for quantities, narrow down for further discussion at the end Post-its: writing ideas on Post-its, discuss, order, rearrange and further discuss

上游充通大粤 SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY Brainstorming Brainwriting Each member writes down ideas. Pass to the next member Adding new ideas stimulated Select the most favored one Grid Manufacturing Process Solutions Function 2 3 4 5 6 7 Mold Base Cardboard Silicone Rubber Fiberglass Polymer Plastic Wood Vacuum Form Plastic Tin Pyrolize Waste Biochar Kontiki Kiln Traditional Haitian Pit Pit Kontiki Kiln Size Biochar Pulverizor Vibrating Sieve Sifting Drum Sifting Table "Potato Masher Push Through Mesh Grid Cut Bottles Manually by hand Single Bottle Cutter Bottle Stringing Machine Size Bottle Strings Measure manually Mechanical Cutter Clean aggregate Rinse in bucket Clean while sifting Size aggregate Sifting Table Push Through Mesh Grid Vibrating Sieve Transport mold Manually carry Truck Livestock Drag with wheels Combine Materials Buckets Concrete Mixer Mixing Table Wheelbarrow Staging Materials Shelving Buckets Measuring Cups Storing Materials Buy as needed Dry Storage Cleaning Mold Hose down Cleaning Agent Apply Mold Release Brush on Intrinsic/built in Spray on Demold Base By Hand Built in release Store finished product Shelving Stack on ground Dunnage 195

Brainstorming Brainwriting • Each member writes down ideas. • Pass to the next member • Adding new ideas stimulated • Select the most favored one Grid

上游充通大￥ e SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY Morphological Analysis 1.明确地提出问题，并加以解释 2.把问题分解成若干个基本组成部分。每个部分都有明确 的定义，并且有其特性 3.建立一个包含所有基本组成部分的多维矩阵（形态模型）， 在这个矩阵中应包含所有可能的总的解决方案： 4.检查这个矩阵中所有的总方案是否可行.并加以分析和 评价； 5.对各个可行的总方案进行比较，从中选出一个最佳的总 方案

Morphological Analysis 1. 明确地提出问题，并加以解释 2. 把问题分解成若干个基本组成部分。每个部分都有明确 的定义，并且有其特性 3. 建立一个包含所有基本组成部分的多维矩阵(形态模型)， 在这个矩阵中应包含所有可能的总的解决方案； 4. 检查这个矩阵中所有的总方案是否可行．并加以分析和 评价； 5. 对各个可行的总方案进行比较，从中选出一个最佳的总 方案