《专业英语 English for Special Purpose》课程PPT教学课件：第2章 专业文献的翻译（2.2）科技英语翻译的基本技巧

2.2科技英语翻译的基本技巧 翻译是各民族思想交流的工具。不同的民族使 用不同的语言,为了达到相互交流的目的,就需要 通过翻译。 主要包括: 词义引申2)词量增减3)词类转换 4)成分转换5)成分分译6)重复译法 7)被动语态的译法8)长句翻译

2.2 科技英语翻译的基本技巧 主要包括： 1）词义引申 2）词量增减 3）词类转换 4）成分转换 5）成分分译 6）重复译法 7）被动语态的译法 8）长句翻译 翻译是各民族思想交流的工具。不同的民族使 用不同的语言，为了达到相互交流的目的，就需要 通过翻译

翻译技巧(-)词义引申 词义引申是指改变原文字面意义的翻译方法。 词义引申时,往往可以从词义转译、词义具体化 词义抽象化和词的搭配四个方面来考虑 形1.词义转译 翻译时,遇到一些无法直译或不宜直译的词 或词组,应根据上下文和逻辑关系,引伸转译。 Like any precision machine, the lathe requires careful treatment. Solar energy seems to offer more hope than any other source of energy

翻译技巧（一） 词义引申 词义引申是指改变原文字面意义的翻译方法。 词义引申时，往往可以从词义转译、词义具体化、 词义抽象化和词的搭配四个方面来考虑。 1. 词义转译 翻译时，遇到一些无法直译或不宜直译的词 或词组，应根据上下文和逻辑关系，引伸转译。 Like any precision machine, the lathe requires careful treatment. Solar energy seems to offer more hope than any other source of energy

2.词义具体化 翻译时,根据汉语的表达习惯,把原文中 某些词义较笼统的词引伸为词义较具体的词 以动词cut(切割)为例 The purpose of a driller is to cut holes A single-point cutting tool is to cut threads on engine lathes. Hard metals can be easily cut with grinding wheels The milling machine is often employed to cut spur and helical gears

2. 词义具体化 翻译时，根据汉语的表达习惯，把原文中 某些词义较笼统的词引伸为词义较具体的词。 以动词 cut（切割）为例： The purpose of a driller is to cut holes . A single-point cutting tool is to cut threads on engine lathes. Hard metals can be easily cut with grinding wheels。 The milling machine is often employed to cut spur and helical gears

3.词义抽象化 把原文中词义较具体的词引申为词义较抽 象词,或把词义较形象的词引申为词义较一般 的词。 Steel and cast iron also differ in carbon High-speed grinding does not know this disadvantage The design of the machine has been improved to answer the challenge of heavy duty climb milling(强力顺铣)

3. 词义抽象化 把原文中词义较具体的词引申为词义较抽 象词，或把词义较形象的词引申为词义较一般 的词。 Steel and cast iron also differ in carbon。 High-speed grinding does not know this disadvantage。 The design of the machine has been improved to answer the challenge of heavy duty climb milling(强力顺铣 )

4.词的搭配 遇到动词、形容词与名词搭配时,应根据汉 语的搭配习惯,而不应受原文字面意义的束缚。 Draftsmen make an assembly drawing for the completed product and a detailed drawing for each To be able to read machine drawing, there are a few common terms and symbols with which you should be familiar

4. 词的搭配 遇到动词、形容词与名词搭配时，应根据汉 语的搭配习惯，而不应受原文字面意义的束缚。 Draftsmen make an assembly drawing for the completed product and a detailed drawing for each part。 To be able to read machine drawing，there are a few common terms and symbols with which you should be familiar

翻译技巧(二)词量增减 词量增加 1.在抽象名词后增加名词 From the evaporation of water people know that liquids can turn into gases under certain condition The major problem in fabrication(制造) is the control of contamination and foreign materials

翻译技巧（二） 词量增减 一、词量增加 1. 在抽象名词后增加名词 From the evaporation of water people know that liquids can turn into gases under certain condition。 The major problem in fabrication (制造 ) is the control of contamination and foreign materials

2.在形容词前加名词 Piston engines are used for relatively slow planes flying at 20,000 feet or less A new kind of aircraft-small, cheap, pilotless-is attracting increasing attention 3.增加起语气连贯作用的词 Hydrogen is the simplest substance, atoms of other elements having a more complex structure The sun warms the earth which makes it possible for plant to grown

2. 在形容词前加名词 Piston engines are used for relatively slow planes flying at 20,000 feet or less. A new kind of aircraft-small，cheap，pilotless-is attracting increasing attention。 3. 增加起语气连贯作用的词 Hydrogen is the simplest substance, atoms of other elements having a more complex structure. The sun warms the earth, which makes it possible for plant to grown

4.增加概括词 Note that the words" velocity"and"speed require explanation The units of ampere",“ohm”,anod" olt are named respectively after three scientists The carriage of a lathe may be fed in the longitudinal and cross directions

4. 增加概括词 Note that the words “velocity” and “speed” require explanation。 The units of “ampere”，“ohm”，and “volt” are named respectively after three scientists。 The carriage of a lathe may be fed in the longitudinal and cross directions

二、词量减少 1.省略冠词 Any substance is made up of atoms whether it is a solid, a liquid, or a gas Practically every river has an upper, a middle and a lower part As the crankshaft turns to the left and upward, the connecting rod pushes the piston upward

二、词量减少 1. 省略冠词 Any substance is made up of atoms whether it is a solid，a liquid，or a gas。 Practically every river has an upper，a middle， and a lower part。 As the crankshaft turns to the left and upward，the connecting rod pushes the piston upward

2.省略代词 By the word“aloy" we mean“ mixture of metals”。 Hardened steel is difficult to machine but having been annealed, it can be easily machined。 3.省略介词 In winter, it is much colder in the north than it is in the south。 Most substances expand on heating and contract on cooling

2. 省略代词 By the word “alloy” we mean “mixture of metals”。 Hardened steel is difficult to machine， but having been annealed, it can be easily machined。 3. 省略介词 In winter，it is much colder in the North than it is in the South。 Most substances expand on heating and contract on cooling