《微生物学》课程教学课件（PPT讲稿）Chapter 10 Microbial ecology

Chapter 10 Microbial Ecology 10.1 Microorganisms in nature ecosystem 10.2 Microbial population interactions 10.3 Biogeochemical cycles 10.4 Plant-microbe interactions 10.5 Bioremediation

10.1 Microorganisms in nature ecosystem 10.2 Microbial population interactions 10.3 Biogeochemical cycles 10.4 Plant-microbe interactions 10.5 Bioremediation Chapter 10 Microbial Ecology

10.1 Microorganisms in nature ecosystem 1. Microorganisms and microenvironment 2. Terrestrial Environments 3. Freshwater Environments 4. Marine environments

10.1 Microorganisms in nature ecosystem 1. Microorganisms and microenvironment 2. Terrestrial Environments 3. Freshwater Environments 4. Marine Environments

10.1.1 Microorganisms and microenvironment In a microbial ecosystem individual cells grow to form populations Metabolically related populations constitute groupings called guilds Sets of guilds conducting complementary physiological processes interact to form microbial communities Microbial communities then interact with communities of macroorganisms to define the entire ecosystem

10.1.1 Microorganisms and microenvironment Metabolically related populations constitute groupings called guilds. Sets of guilds conducting complementary physiological processes interact to form microbial communities. In a microbial ecosystem individual cells grow to form populations. Microbial communities then interact with communities of macroorganisms to define the entire ecosystem

8→88-3g-33 Individual Population Community 2 Community 1 Oxic zone. Photic zone cyanobacteria and(6,+6H,0- C2H,2O2+602 Chemoorganotrophic actena c.H.0.+60 6C0+6H.O Sediments Anoxic zone Community 3 1.Guild 1: methanogenic bacteria(CO,CH) homoacetogenic bacteria(Co,acetate) 2. Guild 2: sulfate-reducing bacteria (So-H,S) sulfur-reducing bacteria (S H 3. Guild 3: denitrifying bactena (NO ferric iron-reducing bacteria(Fe-Fe") 4: Guild 4: fermentative bacteria (fermenting sugars, amino and fatty acids

88 ○○ ○○ Individual Population

Community 2 Community 1 Oxic zone- Photic zone- Chemoorganotrophic cyanobacteria and algae bacteria 6C02+6HO ceH1206+602- 6 CO2+6H2O C6H1206+60 Sediments Anoxic zone

Community 3 1. Guild 1: methanogenic bacteria(C02-+CH4) homoacetogenic bacteria(CO,-> acetate) 2. Guild 2: sulfate-reducing bacteria (SO4 -+H2S) sulfur-reducing bacteria(S-+H2S) 3. Guild 3: denitrifying bacteria(NO3-+ N2) ferric iron-reducing bacteria(Fe-+Fe 4. Guild 4: fermentative bacteria (fermenting sugars amino and fatty acids, and so on) Community 3 Sediments

Community 3

The distribution of microorganisms in nature ecosystem depends on the resources(nutrients) available and on the growth conditions Temperature, pH, water availability, light, oxygen of a habitat define the niche for each particular microorganism

The distribution of microorganisms in nature ecosystem depends on the resources (nutrients) available and on the growth conditions. Temperature, pH, water availability, light, oxygen of a habitat define the niche for each particular microorganism

A soil aggregate composed Micro- of mineral and organic colony Quartz components, showing that localization of soil microbes Air Organic Very few microorganisms matte 最 Quart are found free in the soil Quar solution: most of them occur as microcolonies Clay particle attached to the soil particles

A soil aggregate composed of mineral and organic components, showing that localization of soil microbes. Very few microorganisms are found free in the soil solution; most of them occur as microcolonies attached to the soil particles

10.1.2 Terrestrial Environments Proportion of different soil microorganisms in soil Othe organisms 0.2% Fungi% Aerobic bacteria Actinomycetes 70 13% Figure 25.12 The rela- Anaerobic tive proportions of various bacteria kinds of organisms found in 14% soil. "Other organisms"include such things as algae, protists, and viruses

Proportion of different soil microorganisms in soil 10.1.2 Terrestrial Environments