《初级宏观经济学》（英文版）Chapter 2 MacroVariables

Chapter 2 The Major Macroeconomic Variables 且经济学院1

1 Chapter 2 The Major Macroeconomic Variables 0 10 20 30 40 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00

Outlines (1) ⊙2.1GDP8GNP o 2.2 three approaches to measure GDP ⊙2.3N8P&DP ⊙2.4 MPS VS SNA ⊙25 saving and wealth, stock and flow 友学经济学院

Outlines (1)  2.1 GDP & GNP  2.2 three approaches to measure GDP  2.3 NI & PI & DPI  2.4 MPS vs SNA  2.5 saving and wealth, stock and flow

Outlines(2) o 2.6 price index and Inflation Rate o 2.7 nominal interest rate and real interest rate o 2.8 employment, unemployment, wage level 友学经济学院

 2.6 price index and Inflation Rate  2.7 nominal interest rate and real interest rate  2.8 employment,unemployment, & wage level Outlines (2)

2 1 gdP GNP o definition GDP GNP o comparison GDP: domestic principle GNP: national principle 友学经济学院

 definition ❖GDP ❖GNP  comparison ❖GDP : domestic principle ❖GNP : national principle 2.1 GDP & GNP

21 dP GNP o relation definition of nep GDP= GNP-NFP 友学经济学院

 relation ❖ definition of NFP GDP = GNP − NFP 2.1 GDP & GNP

2 1 gdP GNP ⊙ Nominal and real gdP Nominal GDP is the sum of the quantities of final goods produced times their current price Real GDP is the sum of the quantities of final goods produced times constant (rather than current) price 友学经济学院

Nominal and Real GDP ❖ Nominal GDP is the sum of the quantities of final goods produced times their current price. ❖ Real GDP is the sum of the quantities of final goods produced times constant (rather than current) price. 2.1 GDP & GNP

21 gdP GNP final goods and services vs intermediate products o Products vs commodities o Market vs non-market 且经济学院7

7 final goods and services vs. intermediate products Products vs. commodities Market vs. non-market 2.1 GDP & GNP

case1 make wine 友学经济学院

case1: make wine

Case2 from wheat to bread Price of Price of intermediate Increment final goods products Wheat 100 0 100 flour 150 100 50 Bread 250 150 100 retail 300 250 50 total 800 500 300

Price of final goods Price of intermediate products Increment Wheat 100 0 100 flour 150 100 50 Bread 250 150 100 retail 300 250 50 total 800 500 300 Case2: from wheat to bread

2 1 gdP GNP o limitation of GDP(GNP) s non-market activities diversity in standard of living Income distribution o Natural resource environment 友学经济学院

limitation of GDP (GNP） ❖non-market activities ❖diversity in standard of living ❖Income distribution ❖Natural resource & environment 2.1 GDP & GNP