西安电子科技大学：《大学计算机基础 Fundamentals of Computers》课程教学资源（PPT课件讲稿）Chapter 10-11 Lecture_Computer Software（1/2）

Computer Software Lecturer:Jing Liu Email:neouma@mail.xidian.edu.cn Homepage:http://see.xidian.edu.cn/faculty/liujing

Computer Software Lecturer: Jing Liu Email: neouma@mail.xidian.edu.cn Homepage: http://see.xidian.edu.cn/faculty/liujing

Computer Software All computer systems consist of two major components,namely,hardware and software. ■ The hardware refers to the physical equipments that are necessary for performing various operations, such as reading and processing data,storing results and providing output to the users in a desired form. The software refers to a set of computer programs that are required to enable the hardware to work and perform these operations effectively

Computer Software ◼ All computer systems consist of two major components, namely, hardware and software. ◼ The hardware refers to the physical equipments that are necessary for performing various operations, such as reading and processing data, storing results and providing output to the users in a desired form. ◼ The software refers to a set of computer programs that are required to enable the hardware to work and perform these operations effectively

Computer Software A computer program is basically a set of logical instructions,written in a computer programming language that tells the computer how to accomplish a task.The software is therefore an essential interface between the hardware and the user. We can say that software gives life to the hardware and therefore,the software is popularly referred to as the "soul"of the computer system while the hardware as the“heart

Computer Software ◼ A computer program is basically a set of logical instructions, written in a computer programming language that tells the computer how to accomplish a task. The software is therefore an essential interface between the hardware and the user. ◼ We can say that software gives life to the hardware and therefore, the software is popularly referred to as the “soul” of the computer system while the hardware as the “heart

Types of Computer Software A computer software performs two distinctive tasks: (1)The first task is to control and coordinate the hardware components and manage their performances (2)The second one is to enable the users to accomplish their required tasks. The software that is used to achieve the first task is known as the system software and the software that is used to achieve the second task is known as the application software. While the system software is essential for a computer to work,the application software is the additional software required for the user to perform a specific job

Types of Computer Software A computer software performs two distinctive tasks: (1) The first task is to control and coordinate the hardware components and manage their performances (2) The second one is to enable the users to accomplish their required tasks. ◼ The software that is used to achieve the first task is known as the system software and the software that is used to achieve the second task is known as the application software. ◼ While the system software is essential for a computer to work, the application software is the additional software required for the user to perform a specific job

Types of Computer Software The system software not only controls the Users hardware functions but Application Software also enables the hardware to interact with System Software the application software ← >Hardware as well as the users. 个 Layers of software and their interactions

Types of Computer Software ◼ The system software not only controls the hardware functions but also enables the hardware to interact with the application software as well as the users. Layers of software and their interactions Hardware System Software Application Software Users

Types of Computer Software System software consists of many different programs that manage and support different tasks. Depending upon the task performed,the system software can be classified into two major groups: System management programs used for managing both the hardware and software systems System development programs used for developing and executing application software

Types of Computer Software ◼ System software consists of many different programs that manage and support different tasks. Depending upon the task performed, the system software can be classified into two major groups: ⚫ System management programs used for managing both the hardware and software systems ⚫ System development programs used for developing and executing application software

Types of Computer Software Application software includes a variety of programs that are designed to meet the information processing needs of end users.They can be broadly classified into two groups: ● Standard application programs that are designed for performing common application jobs. ● Unique application programs that are developed by the users themselves to support their specific needs

Types of Computer Software ◼ Application software includes a variety of programs that are designed to meet the information processing needs of end users. They can be broadly classified into two groups: ⚫ Standard application programs that are designed for performing common application jobs. ⚫ Unique application programs that are developed by the users themselves to support their specific needs

Types of Computer Software Computer Software System Application Software Software System System Standard Unique Management Development Application Application Programs Programs Programs Programs Major categories of computer software

Types of Computer Software Major categories of computer software Computer Software System Software Application Software System Management Programs System Development Programs Standard Application Programs Unique Application Programs

System Management Programs System management programs are those programs that are meant for operating the hardware system and managing their resources effectively.They also enable the users to perform certain utility functions,such as creating backup files, recovering damaged files and merging files.They minimize the human intervention during processing and aid in maximizing the productivity of a computer system.System management programs include: Device Utility Drivers Programs ● Operating system ● Utility programs Hardware ● Device drivers Operating System These programs work in close interaction with each other

◼ System management programs are those programs that are meant for operating the hardware system and managing their resources effectively. They also enable the users to perform certain utility functions, such as creating backup files, recovering damaged files and merging files. They minimize the human intervention during processing and aid in maximizing the productivity of a computer system. System management programs include: ⚫ Operating system ⚫ Utility programs ⚫ Device drivers System Management Programs These programs work in close interaction with each other. Operating System Device Drivers Utility Programs Hardware

Operating System Operating System (OS)is the principal component of system software and is responsible for overall management of computer resources.It also provides an interface between the computer and the user and helps in implementing the application programs. Major functions of an operating system are: Scheduling and execution of all processes ● Allocation and management of main memory and other storage areas to the programs ● Coordination and assignment of different hardware devices to the programs Creation,storage and manipulation of files required by the various processes

Operating System ◼ Operating System (OS) is the principal component of system software and is responsible for overall management of computer resources. It also provides an interface between the computer and the user and helps in implementing the application programs. Major functions of an operating system are: ⚫ Scheduling and execution of all processes ⚫ Allocation and management of main memory and other storage areas to the programs ⚫ Coordination and assignment of different hardware devices to the programs ⚫ Creation, storage and manipulation of files required by the various processes