同济大学：《当代中国》课程教学资源（PPT讲稿）SWM in China before and after Agenda 21

eneral Courses Given in English 英语讲授通识类课程 Sustainable development Practice in China China Today "当代中国"系列课程 SWM in China before and after Agenda 21 Niu Dongjie (niudongjie@tongji.edu.cn)

Niu Dongjie (niudongjie@tongji.edu.cn) Sustainable Development Practice in China

Contents Chapter on WM in Agenda 21 China Efforts on SW since 1990 s' Current situation on SWM

Contents • Chapter on WM in Agenda 21 China • Efforts on SW since 1990 s’ • Current situation on SWM

Status on Waste management before Agenda 21 China is currently in a pilot phase,introducing legislation of solid waste disposal,landfill and incineration facilities. Due to its large cost,advanced technologies for burial or burning the waste may not be suitable for dissemination until the future. A joint cooperation to develop out suitable technologies based on cost-effective analysis for safe disposal of solid waste is strongly recommended by local governments in China. In some pilot localities,such as Hangzhou and Shengzheng cities,low cost landfills are now under construction

Status on Waste management before Agenda 21 • China is currently in a pilot phase, introducing legislation of solid waste disposal, landfill and incineration facilities. • Due to its large cost, advanced technologies for burial or burning the waste may not be suitable for dissemination until the future. • A joint cooperation to develop out suitable technologies based on cost‐ effective analysis for safe disposal of solid waste is strongly recommended by local governments in China. • In some pilot localities, such as Hangzhou and Shengzheng cities, low cost landfills are now under construction

Challenges in Agenda 21 The mechanization level for waste collection and treatment is low. Equipment is obsolete and not suitable for the task. The scientific and technological level of waste treatment and disposal is in urgent need of improvement. In this area,active cooperation with international companies has been carried out. More such cooperation is expected to introduce or jointly develop suitable technologies for China

Challenges in Agenda 21 • The mechanization level for waste collection and treatment is low. • Equipment is obsolete and not suitable for the task. • The scientific and technological level of waste treatment and disposal is in urgent need of improvement. • In this area, active cooperation with international companies has been carried out. • More such cooperation is expected to introduce or jointly develop suitable technologies for China

efforts Laws,regulation and standards ·Institution Technology innovation ·Investment

efforts • Laws, regulation and standards • Institution • Technology innovation • Investment

Solutions the agenda 21 provides guidance or framework Implement 5-year plans

Solutions • the agenda 21 provides guidance or framework • Implement 5‐year plans

"eighth five-year"plan(1991-1995) No specific requirement on solid waste management.Only mentioned environmental protection is the basic national strategy. Alleviate the tendency for environmental pollution

• No specific requirement on solid waste management. Only mentioned environmental protection is the basic national strategy. • Alleviate the tendency for environmental pollution “eighth five‐year" plan( 1991‐1995)

Key points in eighth "five-year" Economy develop very fast. ·Meet the aim on“quadruple of GNP by 2000"in advance.In 1995,GNP is 4.3 times of what in 1980

Key points in eighth “five‐year” • Economy develop very fast. • Meet the aim on “quadruple of GNP by 2000” in advance. In 1995, GNP is 4.3 times of what in 1980

Achievement in eighth five-year Production increase on coal,cement,cotton,TV,meat in leading place all over the world. No.2 in Steel and chemical fibers production.Electricity No.3. Increase rate for economy is about 11%.It is the fastest economy increase "five-year period". Investment on facilities is about 3890 billion RMB,annual increase rate is 17.9%. 845 established big-middle scale projects 374 key projects on technology innovation.Result in the advancement on technology and manufacture. Newly built railway 5800 kilometer,high way 1600 kilometer, 12 new airports

Achievement in eighth five‐year • Production increase on coal, cement, cotton, TV, meat in leading place all over the world. • No. 2 in Steel and chemical fibers production. Electricity No. 3. • Increase rate for economy is about 11%. It is the fastest economy increase “five‐year period”. • Investment on facilities is about 3890 billion RMB，annual increase rate is l7.9%. • 845 established big –middle scale projects ，374 key projects on technology innovation . Result in the advancement on technology and manufacture. • Newly built railway 5800 kilometer，high way 1600 kilometer， 12 new airports

"9th Five-Year "Plan and the 2010 long-range goal of the proposed (1996-2000) Still no specific clear requirement on waste management

“9th Five‐Year "Plan and the 2010 long‐range goal of the proposed (1996‐2000) • Still no specific clear requirement on waste management