上海交通大学：《材料与社会 Materials & Society》课程教学资源（课程资料）Materials and One’s life

How The Steel Was Forged Kak 3akasacb cTanb Materi t0uiadc

Как закалялась сталь Materials and One’s life

Words used to describe the relationship ,百炼成钢(becoming tough after experience;:becoming steel after hundreds of forging) 铁肩(iron shoulder) 弹性(elasticity) ,铸造人格(personality casting). ,抗压力(anti-pressure) 刚毅(stiffness) ,耐力(endurance) 成型(formation) 疲劳(fatigue) 缺陷(defect,shortcoming/weakness) 脆弱(brittleness) 变形(deformation) ,不堪重负(overwhelming) ,凝聚力(cohesive force) ,核心(nucleus) ,焊合(welding) 融合(melting,fusion) 催化(catalyze) 塑造形象(image-building,molding)

Words used to describe the relationship  百炼成钢（becoming tough after experience; becoming steel after hundreds of forging）  铁肩(iron shoulder)  弹性（elasticity）  铸造人格(personality casting)  抗压力(anti-pressure)  刚毅(stiffness)  耐力(endurance)  成型(formation)  疲劳(fatigue)  缺陷(defect, shortcoming/weakness)  脆弱(brittleness)  变形(deformation)  不堪重负(overwhelming)  凝聚力(cohesive force)  核心(nucleus)  焊合(welding)  融合(melting, fusion)  催化(catalyze)  塑造形象(image-building, molding)

Self developing ,百炼成钢(becoming tough after experience;becoming steel after hundreds of forging) ,铁肩(iron shoulder) ,弹性(elasticity) ,铸造人格(personality casting) ,抗压力(anti-pressure) ,刚毅(stiffness) 耐力(endurance) 成型(formation)

Self developing  百炼成钢（becoming tough after experience; becoming steel after hundreds of forging）  铁肩(iron shoulder)  弹性（elasticity）  铸造人格(personality casting)  抗压力(anti-pressure)  刚毅(stiffness)  耐力(endurance)  成型(formation)

Supersteel production from raw materials ●refining ●casting ●hot rolling ·cold rolling ●annealing

Supersteel  production from raw materials  refining  casting  hot rolling  cold rolling  annealing

Production from raw materials The iron is then formed into pellets(小 球)and baked hard. This process results in an iron ore that is purer than earlier natural occuring ores. To meet today's demand for high quality steel,producers must mine low grade ore,and magnetically separate the iron bearing particles from the Technology goes one step further-baking additional material. limestone,a purifying agent called a flux (熔剂)，into the ore pellets

Production from raw materials To meet today's demand for high quality steel, producers must mine low grade ore, and magnetically separate the iron bearing particles from the additional material. The iron is then formed into pellets（小 球） and baked hard. This process results in an iron ore that is purer than earlier natural occuring ores. Technology goes one step further - baking limestone, a purifying agent called a flux （熔剂）, into the ore pellets

Coke(焦煤)moved by conveyor (emmiting harmless steam)by conveyor to the blast furnace Coking(炼焦)eliminates tar and other impurities by baking in long, vertical coking ovens In one continuous process,the coke and fluxed pellets are charged(装炉)into the furnace,blasted with superheated air and natural gas;up to 3000 F(Fahrenheit). The intense heat melts the limestone in the pellets,the limestone combines with impurities in the iron to form slag,which then floats to the surface of the molten iron

Coke(焦煤) moved by conveyor (emmiting harmless steam) by conveyor to the blast furnace Coking(炼焦) eliminates tar and other impurities by baking in long, vertical coking ovens The intense heat melts the limestone in the pellets, the limestone combines with impurities in the iron to form slag, which then floats to the surface of the molten iron. In one continuous process, the coke and fluxed pellets are charged(装炉) into the furnace, blasted with superheated air and natural gas; up to 3000 F (Fahrenheit)

iron oxide Making iron: (haematite) the blast furnace 冲天炉 coke limestone waste waste gases gases carbon monoxide carbon dioxide + iron iron oxide iron fomms carbon dioxide carbon carbon + monoxide carbon monoxide fomms carton oxygen-carbon dioxide carbon dioxide air blast fomms air blast molten slag molten iron In one continuous process,the coke and fluxed pellets are charged into the furnace. blasted with superheated air and natural gas; up to 3000 F(Fahrenheit)

In one continuous process, the coke and fluxed pellets are charged into the furnace, blasted with superheated air and natural gas; up to 3000 F (Fahrenheit)

Electric Arc Fumace Produces molten steel. Steel Refining Facility Iron Ore Coal Injection Natural Gas Continuous Casting: C○ Direct Reduction Produces solid. metallic iron from iron ore. Slabs Thin Slabs Recycled Steel Basic Oxygen Furnace Produces molten ste间. B00 Billets Coke Oven Coal By-Products Molten Iron Limestone Blast Fumace Produces motten pig iron from iron ore. Pig Iron Casting

Separated from the slag,the molten iron is tapped(分流)from the bottom of the furnace. Running from troughs(槽)，into specially lined,pure ladle cars(钢水罐车) The basic oxygen furnaces(BOF's)can produce a heat(>200 tons of prime steel)in 35-50 min.Here begins the intricate process of refining the iron into custom tailored steel

Separated from the slag, the molten iron is tapped(分流) from the bottom of the furnace. Running from troughs(槽), into specially lined, pure ladle cars(钢水罐车). The basic oxygen furnaces (BOF's) can produce a heat (>200 tons of prime steel) in 35-50 min. Here begins the intricate process of refining the iron into custom tailored steel

Casting Molten steel flows into the casters water cooled mold,where it begins to solidify and take shape. Continuous casting enhances quality, conserves energy,and boosts productivity and yield

Casting Continuous casting enhances quality, conserves energy, and boosts productivity and yield. Molten steel flows into the casters water cooled mold, where it begins to solidify and take shape