上海交通大学：《食品安全风险评估》课程教学资源（PPT课件）第三章 化学性危害因子 CHEMICAL HAZARDS

CHAPTER 3 CHEMICAL HAZARDS

A Classification of Foodborne Diseases Foodborne Diseases Infections Intoxications Toxicoinfection Invasive Infection Chemical Poisonous Poisonous Microbial Poisoning Plant Animal Intoxications Other Neurotoxins Enterotoxins Tissues Tissues Intestinal Systemic Other Mycotoxins Mucosa Algal Toxins Bacterial Tissues (Fungal Toxins) Toxins or Organs (Muscle, Liver, Joints, Diarrhogenic Emetic Enterotoxins Fetus, Neurotoxins Other Other) Adapted from Bryan,1982

A Classification of Foodborne Diseases Adapted from Bryan, 1982

CHEMICALS USED IN THE FOOD INDUSTRY x Pesticides x Water additives x Antibiotics x Cleaners x Hormones x Sanitizers x Food additives x Paints Allergens x Coatings Lubricants x Other industrial chemicals

 Pesticides  Antibiotics  Hormones  Food additives  Allergens  Lubricants  Water additives  Cleaners  Sanitizers  Paints  Coatings  Other industrial chemicals

TYPES QF CHEMICAL HAZARDS x Toxic metals Unintentional additives x Intentional food additives x Toxic plants plant components x Marine Toxins xM小ycotoxins Allergens

 Toxic metals  Unintentional additives  Intentional food additives  Toxic plants & plant components  Marine Toxins  Mycotoxins  Allergens

METALS Small quantities of mineral elements are necessary for human health; x Excessive amounts of some metals may be toxic; Toxic metals get into foods through the use of equipment and utensils that are made Causes of outbreaks from unsuitable materials. Toxic containers

 Small quantities of mineral elements are necessary for human health;  Excessive amounts of some metals may be toxic;  Toxic metals get into foods through the use of equipment and utensils that are made from unsuitable materials

METALS Acid foods or beverages are prepared or stored in equipment containing toxic metals; The metals dissolve in the foods; x Produce fast-acting gastrointestinal symptoms; *The salts of metals irritate the gastric mucosa

 Acid foods or beverages are prepared or stored in equipment containing toxic metals;  The metals dissolve in the foods;  Produce fast-acting gastrointestinal symptoms;  The salts of metals irritate the gastric mucosa

Metal Source Antimony锑 Gray enamelware.搪瓷器具 Cadmium镉 Plated utensils镀镉器具 Lead铅 Glazed earthenware pottery.上釉陶器 Tin锡 Uncoated tin containers锡罐 Zinc锌 Galvanized containers镀锌容器

Metal Source Antimony锑 Gray enamelware搪瓷器具 Cadmium镉 Plated utensils镀镉器具 Lead铅 Glazed earthenware pottery上釉陶器 Tin锡 Uncoated tin containers锡罐 Zinc锌 Galvanized containers镀锌容器

ACID FOODS SUCH AS: Fruit juices ·Tomato juice Fruit punches 。Fruit gelatin x Sauerkraut Carbonated beverages Have been involved in chemical intoxications

 Fruit juices •Tomato juice  Fruit punches •Fruit gelatin  Sauerkraut •Carbonated beverages Have been involved in chemical intoxications

METAL POISONING Onset:5 minutes to several hours;(usually 1 hour) Symptoms: Vary with each type of metal poisoning; x Include:vomiting,nausea,diarrhea, abdominal pain and a metallic taste associated with the metal

Onset: 5 minutes to several hours; (usually < 1 hour) Symptoms:  Vary with each type of metal poisoning;  Include: vomiting, nausea, diarrhea, abdominal pain and a metallic taste associated with the metal

POISONOUS CHEMICALS (INCIDENTAL ADDITIVES) Causes of outbreaks Incidental additives ..are chemicals that Flour Pesticide inadvertently find their way into foods through carelessness, improper labeling storage and through other means

… are chemicals that inadvertently find their way into foods through carelessness, improper labeling & storage and through other means