北京大学：《微观经济学》Chapter Twenty-Two Firm Supply 厂商供给

Chapter Twenty-Two Firm Supply 厂商供给

Chapter Twenty-Two Firm Supply 厂商供给

Structure ◆ Market environments o Market demand for a competitive firm Short-run supply decision O Upward sloping Mc curve ●Shut- down condition Long-run supply decision Comparing long-run and short-run decisions Producers surplus and profits

Structure ◆ Market environments ◆ Market demand for a competitive firm ◆ Short-run supply decision ⚫Upward sloping MC curve ⚫Shut-down condition ◆ Long-run supply decision ◆ Comparing long-run and short-run decisions ◆ Producer’s surplus and profits

Firm Supply e How does a firm decide how much product to supply? This depends upon the firm's ● technology ● market environment goals o competitors'behaviors

Firm Supply ◆How does a firm decide how much product to supply? This depends upon the firm’s ⚫ technology ⚫ market environment ⚫ goals ⚫ competitors’ behaviors

Market environments P Are there many other firms or just a few? &Do other firms'decisions affect our firm's payoffs? Is trading anonymous, in a market? Or are trades arranged with separate buyers by middlemen?

Market Environments ◆Are there many other firms, or just a few? ◆Do other firms’ decisions affect our firm’s payoffs? ◆Is trading anonymous, in a market? Or are trades arranged with separate buyers by middlemen?

Market enⅤ Ironments ◆ Monopoly(垄断): Just one selller that determines the quantity supplied and the market-clearing price. ◆ Oligopoly(寡头垄断): A few firms, the decisions of each influencing the payoffs of the others

Market Environments ◆Monopoly (垄断）: Just one seller that determines the quantity supplied and the market-clearing price. ◆Oligopoly （寡头垄断）: A few firms, the decisions of each influencing the payoffs of the others

Market environments e Dominant Firm Many firms, but one much larger than the rest. The large firm's decisions affect the payoffs of each small firm. Decisions by any one small firm do not noticeably affect the payoffs of any other firm

Market Environments ◆Dominant Firm: Many firms, but one much larger than the rest. The large firm’s decisions affect the payoffs of each small firm. Decisions by any one small firm do not noticeably affect the payoffs of any other firm

Market environments ◆ Monopo| istic Competition(垄断竞争 ) Many firms each making a slightly different product. Each firm's output level is small relative to the total Pure Competition: Many firms, all making the same product. Each firm's output level is small relative to the total

Market Environments ◆Monopolistic Competition （垄断竞争 ）: Many firms each making a slightly different product. Each firm’s output level is small relative to the total. ◆Pure Competition: Many firms, all making the same product. Each firm’s output level is small relative to the total

Market environments Later chapters examine monopoly, oligopoly, and the dominant firm This chapter explores only pure competition

Market Environments ◆Later chapters examine monopoly, oligopoly, and the dominant firm. ◆This chapter explores only pure competition

Pure Competition .a firm in a perfectly competitive market knows it has no influence over the market price for its product. The firm is a market price-taker The firm is free to vary its own price

Pure Competition ◆A firm in a perfectly competitive market knows it has no influence over the market price for its product. The firm is a market price-taker. ◆The firm is free to vary its own price

Pure Competition .If the firm sets its own price above the market price then the quantity demanded from the firm is zero If the firm sets its own price below the market price then the quantity demanded from the firm is the entire market quantity -demanded

Pure Competition ◆If the firm sets its own price above the market price then the quantity demanded from the firm is zero. ◆If the firm sets its own price below the market price then the quantity demanded from the firm is the entire market quantity-demanded