北京大学：《微观经济学》Chapter Sixteen Equilibrium 均衡

Chapter sixteen Equilibrium 均衡

Chapter Sixteen Equilibrium 均衡

Structure ◆ Market equilibriun Quantity tax and equilibrium ◆ Tax incidence(税收分担) ◆ Deadweight loss(额外净损失)

Structure ◆Market equilibrium ◆Quantity tax and equilibrium ◆Tax incidence （税收分担） ◆Deadweight loss （额外净损失）

Market equilibrium eA market is in equilibrium when total quantity demanded by buyers equals total quantity supplied by sellers. ◆ Also called“ market is cleared Supply may not equal production

Market Equilibrium ◆A market is in equilibrium when total quantity demanded by buyers equals total quantity supplied by sellers. ◆Also called “market is cleared” ◆Supply may not equal production

Market equilibrium Market Market demand supply gEs(p) qeD(p) D(p), s(p)

Market Equilibrium p D(p), S(p) q=D(p) Market demand Market supply q=S(p)

Market Setting ◆ Competitive market Contestable market

Market Setting ◆Competitive market • Contestable market

Market equilibrium Market Market demand supply gEs(p) D(p*)=S(p*); the market is in equilibrium p qeD(p) q D(p), s(p)

Market Equilibrium p D(p), S(p) q=D(p) Market demand Market supply q=S(p) p* q* D(p*) = S(p*); the market is in equilibrium

Market equilibrium Market Market demand supply gEs(p) D(p)<s(p); an excess pp of quantity supplied over quantity demanded qeD(p) D(p) s(p) D(p), s(p)

Market Equilibrium p D(p), S(p) q=D(p) Market demand Market supply q=S(p) p* S(p’) D(p’) < S(p’); an excess of quantity supplied over quantity demanded. p’ D(p’)

Market equilibrium Market Market demand supply gEs(p) D(p)<s(p); an excess pp of quantity supplied over quantity demanded qeD(p) D(p) s(p) D(p), s(p) Market price must fall towards p

Market Equilibrium p D(p), S(p) q=D(p) Market demand Market supply q=S(p) p* S(p’) D(p’) < S(p’); an excess of quantity supplied over quantity demanded. p’ D(p’) Market price must fall towards p*

Market equilibrium Market Market demand supply gEs(p) D(p)>s(p);an excess of quantity demanded over quantity supplied p qeD(p) s(p)D(p”)D(p),S(p)

Market Equilibrium p D(p), S(p) q=D(p) Market demand Market supply q=S(p) p* D(p”) D(p”) > S(p”); an excess of quantity demanded over quantity supplied. p” S(p”)

Market equilibrium Market Market demand supply gEs(p) D(p)>s(p);an excess of quantity demanded over quantity supplied. p qeD(p) s(p”)D(p)D(p),S(p) Market price must rise towards p

Market Equilibrium p D(p), S(p) q=D(p) Market demand Market supply q=S(p) p* D(p”) D(p”) > S(p”); an excess of quantity demanded over quantity supplied. p” S(p”) Market price must rise towards p*