复旦大学：《纳米线材料和功能器件》课程PPT课件讲义_第1部分：纳米材料导论

纳米材料与功能景件 Zaduodavetion to Mamamaterialo and junctional Devices 郑耿峰 Fa|2018 http://www.nanolab.fudanedu.cn/ Email:guzheng@fudan.edu.cn

纳米材料与功能器件 Introduction to Nanomaterials and Functional Devices 郑耿锋 Fall 2018 http://www.nanolab.fudan.edu.cn/ Email： gfzheng@fudan.edu.cn

What is NaNo? 纳双 纳米A IEEg Ag粒子 4我只善2 o 纳米Sno2镀层 纳米碳黑粒子 纳米材料:基本单元的颗粒或晶粒尺寸至少在一维上小于100mm,且必须 具有与常规材料截然不同的光、电、热、化学或力学性能的一类材料体系。2

2 What is NANO? 纳米材料：基本单元的颗粒或晶粒尺寸至少在一维上小于100 nm，且必须 具有与常规材料截然不同的光、电、热、化学或力学性能的一类材料体系。 纳米SnO2镀层 纳米碳黑粒子 纳米Au, Ag粒子

Nano= One billionth of something cells in 粪6 man ts1.62 meters ta A Blood Cell 2000000000000nm Strand of DNA is Nerve chip --5urm it FRiepoREtep Medication nanenetePs delivery system 350nm Nanostructure Nanoshells picometers Blo motor Atomic handwriting 10nm Nanotechnology Size Comparisons 3

3 Nano = One billionth of something

Introduction to Nanomaterials Nanotechnology Richard Feynman 60 nm Tiny Machines s soon as I ment Ton th's, people tell me about minioturizaton, and ho far it has progre d today. the electric mo ors that, ore the size of th or you sma device on the market. hey .elI me. by which can write the Lord's Prayer on the head or 0 But .hats noth ing? t hat 's the most rImitive, halting step in the d: rection I intend to discuss. It is o st agger ing smo The Feynman Lecture on Nanotechnology wor Id that is bel n or 2000. he look bock wonder why it was not unti I the year “ There is plenty of 168 that anybody began seriously to room at the bottom. "move in this direction. Richard Feynman, 1959 400nm Richard P. Feynman. 1960 Feynman以“由下而上的方法( Bottom-Up)”出发,提出从单个分子甚至原子开始 进行组装,以达到设计要求——“至少依我看来,物理学的规律不排除一个原子 个原子地制造物品的可能性。”并预言,“当我们对细微尺寸的物体加以控制的话, 将极大得扩充我们获得物性的范围。” 4

4 Introduction to Nanomaterials & Nanotechnology “There is plenty of room at the bottom…” – Richard Feynman, 1959 Feynman以“由下而上的方法（Bottom-Up）”出发，提出从单个分子甚至原子开始 进行组装，以达到设计要求——“至少依我看来，物理学的规律不排除一个原子一 个原子地制造物品的可能性。”并预言，“当我们对细微尺寸的物体加以控制的话， 将极大得扩充我们获得物性的范围

1D,2-D,and3-D(0-D) 纳米材料是指在三维空间中至少有一维处于纳米尺度范围 或由它们作为基本单元构成的材料。按维度,纳米材料的 基本单元可分为三类:零维,一维,二维。因为这些单元 具有量子性质,因此又称为:量子点,量子线和量子阱 (Quantum dot, Quantum wire, Quantum well) 50 nm CdTe@SiO2 um

5 1-D, 2-D, and 3-D (0-D) • 纳米材料是指在三维空间中至少有一维处于纳米尺度范围 或由它们作为基本单元构成的材料。按维度，纳米材料的 基本单元可分为三类：零维，一维，二维。因为这些单元 具有量子性质，因此又称为：量子点，量子线和量子阱 (Quantum dot, Quantum wire, Quantum well)

Nanostructure in Nature Kafer Fliege gecko lamellae 2um 48000 Setae 23500 Spinne Gecko

6 Nanostructure in Nature

Why Study Nanomaterials Nanotechnology Electronics/Communication Biology/Medicine Leading causes of death for all ag Mask cost increase concens al mask manufacturing cycle AUc? 400 65nm Generation node 97019801985199019952002 ∽o、Smn7 bink gig Renewable Energy Water/Food Biomimetics nature ph photonics

7 Why Study Nanomaterials & Nanotechnology Electronics/Communication Biology/Medicine Renewable Energy Water/Food Biomimetics Do Small, Think Big

第二部分:光学显微镜与电子显微镜 纳米材料结构表征与器件制备(一) 光学显微镜与电子显微镜 显微技术原理 光学显微镜 透射电子显微镜 扫描电子显微镜 能量损失谱与元素分析

8 第二部分：光学显微镜与电子显微镜 • 纳米材料结构表征与器件制备（一）： 光学显微镜与电子显微镜 – 显微技术原理 – 光学显微镜 – 透射电子显微镜 – 扫描电子显微镜 – 能量损失谱与元素分析

Lens and Imaging System f 2f f旦f 旦ff Lenses are the central component of an imaging system Multiple lens sets are used in a compleX microscope to provide high magnification and resolution

9 Lens and Imaging System • Lenses are the central component of an imaging system. • Multiple lens sets are used in a complex microscope to provide high magnification and resolution

Magnification and Resolution Confocal STED Magnification vs Resolution What's the difference (c) (d) 圃 Magnification: the lens capacity to expand an image Resolution: the smallest pixel can be spatially differentiated from its closest neighbors 10

10 Magnification and Resolution • Magnification: the lens capacity to expand an image • Resolution: the smallest pixel can be spatially differentiated from its closest neighbors