《微生物学》课程教学课件（PPT讲稿）Chapter 11 Eukarya Eukaryotic Microorganisms

Chapter I Eukarya Eukaryotic Microorganisms. Algae: Phototrophic eukaryotic microorganisms Fungi: Nonphotosynthetic eukaryotic microorganisms that contain rigid cell walls Slime molds: nonphototrophic eukaryotic microorganisms that lack cell walls and that aggregate to form fruiting structures(cellular slime molds) or masses of protoplasm(acellular slime molas Protozoa: unicellular eukaryotic microorganisms that lack cell walls

Chapter II Eukarya: Eukaryotic Microorganisms • Algae: Phototrophic eukaryotic microorganisms • Fungi: Nonphotosynthetic eukaryotic microorganisms that contain rigid cell walls • Slime molds: nonphototrophic eukaryotic microorganisms that lack cell walls and that aggregate to form fruiting structures (cellular slime molds) or masses of protoplasm (acellular slime molds) • Protozoa: unicellular eukaryotic microorganisms that lack cell walls

Seveal concept ots WISALNPACMANNAMIM ALI Mycologists: scientists who study fungi Mycology: the scientific discipline dealing with fungi Mycotoxixology: the study of fungal toxins and their effects d b ycosis/mycoses: the diseases caused by fungI in animals

Seveal concepts • Mycologists: scientists who study fungi • Mycology: the scientific discipline dealing with fungi. • Mycotoxixology: the study of fungal toxins and their effects. • Mycosis/mycoses: the diseases caused by fungi in animals

Importance of fung 11. decomposers 2. Major cause of plant diseases 3. Many diseases of animals and humans are caused by fungi 4. products: the making of bread, wine, beer(yeasts) the preparation of some cheeses, soy sause and sufu; the commercial production of many organic acids and certain drugs; the manufacture of many antibiotics and immunosuppressive drug cyclosporine. 5. Important research tools in the study of fundamental biological processes

Importance of fungi • 1. decomposers • 2. Major cause of plant diseases • 3. Many diseases of animals and humans are caused by fungi • 4. products: the making of bread, wine, beer(yeasts); the preparation of some cheeses, soy sause and sufu; the commercial production of many organic acids and certain drugs; The manufacture of many antibiotics and immunosuppressive drug cyclosporine. • 5. Important research tools in the study of fundamental biological processes

Fungi: Molds, Yeasts and Mushrooms Habitats diverse: aquatic in fresh water or marine, terrestrial in soil or on dead plant, a few are human parasitic Have rigid cell walls(resemble plant cell walls architecturally, not chemically) containing chitin(some with mannans, galactosan, chitosans instead of chitin) Fungal cell walls are 80-90% polysaccharide, with proteins, lipids, polyphosphates and inorganic ions making up the wall-cementing matrix

Fungi: Molds, Yeasts and Mushrooms • Habitats diverse: aquatic in fresh water or marine, terrestrial in soil or on dead plant, a few are human parasitic • Have rigid cell walls (resemble plant cell walls architecturally, not chemically) containing chitin (some with mannans, galactosans, chitosans instead of chitin) • Fungal cell walls are 80-90% polysaccharide, with proteins, lipids, polyphosphates and inorganic ions making up the wall-cementing matrix

Thallus: the body or vegetative structure of a fungus Hypha(hyphae): long, branched, threadlike filament Mycelium: a tangled mass or tissurlike aggregation Coenocytic: hyphae that protoplasm streams through hyphae, uninterrupted by cross walls Septate: the hyphae have cross walls called septa with either a single pore or multiple pores that permit cytoplasmic streaming. (Septa: cross walls with either a single pore or multiple pores that permit cytoplasmic streaming

Thallus : the body or vegetative structure of a fungus. • Hypha (hyphae): long, branched, threadlike filament • Mycelium: a tangled mass or tissurlike aggregation • Coenocytic: hyphae that protoplasm streams through hyphae, uninterrupted by cross walls. • Septate: the hyphae have cross walls called septa with either a single pore or multiple pores that permit cytoplasmic streaming. (Septa: cross walls with either a single pore or multiple pores that permit cytoplasmic streaming.)

YM shift Many fungi that cause diseases in humans and animals, are dimorphic: they have two forms 1. The yeast(Y)form in the animals 2. The mold or mycelial form(M) in the external enviroment Plant-associated fungi: the mycelial form in the plant the yeast form in the external enviroment

YM shift • Many fungi that cause diseases in humans and animals, are dimorphic: they have two forms. • 1. The yeast (Y) form in the animals • 2. The mold or mycelial form (M) in the external enviroment. • Plant-associated fungi: the mycelial form in the plantl the yeast form in the external enviroment

yeasts SPRSAYINPAICAMNARLIN- 9) Unicellular fungus, spherical to egg shaped, single nucleus and reproduces either asexually by budding and transverse division or sexually through spore formation No flagella, possess most of the other eucaryotic organelles

yeasts • Unicellular fungus, spherical to egg shaped, single nucleus and repriduces either asexually by budding and transverse division or sexually throough spore formation • No flagella, possess most of the other eucaryotic organelles

Yeasts: unicellular fungi (ascomycetes e② e Division buddin Do not form filaments Some form filaments Some can mate

Yeasts: unicellular fungi (ascomycetes) • Division: budding • Do not form filaments • Some form filaments • Some can mate

酵母的子囊和子囊孢子 些酵母菌,如啤酒酵母,它们的有性繁殖是产生子囊 和子囊孢子。 ⊙ 酵母的二倍体 减数分裂后产生 原细胞发育成子囊 营养体细胞 4个单倍体的核 里面有4个子囊孢 子,将来发育成单 倍体营养体细胞

匍匐枝 真菌菌丝体假根 吸器 的分化 附着枝 附着胞 营养菌丝 菌核 分化 菌索 菌环 菌网 个体形态 菌丝体 孢子囊 分生孢子头 无性分生孢子座 群体形态 气生菌丝 分生孢子器 分化 闭囊壳 (子实体)有性「子囊果 子囊壳结构 子囊盘 担子 繁殖