《森林生态学》课程教学资源（专题讲座）Ecosystem-Climate Interactions

Ecosystem-Climate Interactions Impacts, feedbacks, mechanisms, and predictions NORTH AMERICA Oklahoma Atlantic Pacific Ocean Ocean Bermuda (UK) Gulf of Yiqi Luo Botany and microbiology department University of Oklahoma, USA

Ecosystem Ecosystem Impacts, feedbacks, mechanisms, and predictions Impacts, feedbacks, mechanisms, and predictions -Climate Interactions Climate Interactions Yiqi Luo Yiqi Luo Botany and microbiology department Botany and microbiology department University of Oklahoma, USA University of Oklahoma, USA

Climate change factors 06 [Mauna Loa Data from Keeling and Whorf(1994)] Global Temperatures 380 0.4 Annual Average Five Year Average 02 》 02 310 0 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 Year 18601880190019201940196019802000 Change in Mean Annual Precipitation from UNEP/GRID and UEA/CRU Nitrogen deposition Ozones UV-B

[ Mauna Loa Data from Keeling and Whorf (1994) ] Year 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 CO 2 Concentration (ppmv) 310 320 330 340 350 360 370 380 Climate change factors Nitrogen deposition Ozones UV-B

Atmospheric Scientists have established: 0.6 Mauna Loa Data from Keeling and Whorf(1994)] 380 Global Temperatures 0.4 Annual Average -Five Year Average 0.2 4编幼 02 0 310 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 Year 0.6 18601880190019201940196019802000

Atmospheric Scientists have established: [ Mauna Loa Data from Keeling and Whorf (1994) ] Year 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 CO2 Concentration (ppmv) 310 320 330 340 350 360 370 380

How is climate change related to ecosystems? 0.6 【Mauna Loa Data from Keeling and Whorf (1994)】 380 Global Temperatures 0.4 370 Annual Average Five Year Average 320 310 1960 19701980 19902000 Year 06 18601880190019201940196019802000 ◆

How is climate change related to ecosystems? [ Mauna Loa Data from Keeling and Whorf (1994) ] Year 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 CO2 Concentration (ppmv) 310 320 330 340 350 360 370 380 ?

Goals of Global Change Ecology ■ Impacts:Impacts of climate change on Ecosystem responses Feedback:Ecosystem feedback to climate change Mechanisms:Basic understanding of ecological mechanisms Predictions:Improvement of models for forecasting future states of ecosystems and climate

Goals of Global Change Ecology Goals of Global Change Ecology „ Impacts Impacts: Impacts of climate change on : Impacts of climate change on Ecosystem responses Ecosystem responses „ Feedback Feedback: Ecosystem feedback to climate : Ecosystem feedback to climate change „ Mechanisms Mechanisms: Basic understanding of : Basic understanding of ecological mechanisms ecological mechanisms „ Predictions Predictions: Improvement of models for : Improvement of models for forecasting future states of ecosystems and forecasting future states of ecosystems and climate climate

Experiments Canada NORTH AMERICA Oklahoma Atlantic Pacific Ocean Ocean Bermuda EcoCELLs (UK) Gulf of in Nevad Mexico 233N a ANCER armino AC,C

Experiments Experiments EcoCELLs in Nevada Warming FACE, NC

Warming experiments Long-term:10 years One year,step change Warming:2C Warming:4C Clipping:Yearly Precipitation:doubled

Warming experiments Long -term: 10 years term: 10 years Warming: 2 Warming: 2 o C Clipping: Yearly Clipping: Yearly One year, step change One year, step change Warming: 4 Warming: 4 oC Precipitation: doubled Precipitation: doubled

Third Experiments Warming x Prec

Third Experiments Warming x Precipitation x Bioenergy

Carbon cycle-climate warming feedback 平 06 [Mauna Loa Data from Keeling and Whorf (1994)] 380 Global Temperatures 0.4 Annual Average 03 -Five Year Average 02 70 04 1960 19701980 19902000 Year 0.6 18601880190019201940196 9802000 Ecosystem

Carbon cycle-climate warming feedback [ Mauna Loa Data from Keeling and Whorf (1994) ] Year 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 CO2 Concentration (ppmv) 310 320 330 340 350 360 370 380 Ecosystem + + +

Acclimation of soil respiration to warming Unclipped Clipped 40 6 a a:Unclipped 30 5 Isocline of full acclimation 20 10 3 Unwarmed 0 2 89 Warmed 40 30 0 20 b:Clipped 10 Isocline of full acclimation 4 Unwarmed -Warmed 苏 3 Unwarmed 百 Warmed 2 1 NDJFMAMJJASON NDJFMAMJJASON 15 20 25 30 35 Month Month Soil temperature(OC) Luo et al.2001 Nature

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Soil temperature (oC) 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Soil respiration ( μmol m-2 s-1 ) 0 1 2 3 4 5 Warmed Warmed Unwarmed Unwarmed Isocline of full acclimation Isocline of full acclimation b: Clipped a: Unclipped Luo et al. 2001 Nature Acclimation of soil respiration to warming Soil temperature (oC) 0 10 20 30 40 Unclipped Soil moisture content (%) 0 10 20 30 40 Clipped c Month Soil respiration (μmol m-2 s-1) 0 1 2 3 4 5 Unwarmed Warmed Month d e f N D J F M A M J J A S O N N D J F M A M J J A S O N a b