Mobility Weakens the Distinction between Multicast and Unicast

上游充通大￥ SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY Mobility Weakens the Distinction between Multicast and Unicast xinbing I Wang Dept.of Electronic Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai,China

Mobility Weakens the Distinction between Multicast and Unicast Xinbing Wang Dept. of Electronic Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China

Outline 上浒充通大学 SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY ▣Introduction >Previous works Motivation System model and main idea The impact of mobility on capacity for restricted mobility model The impact of mobility on delay for restricted mobility model ▣Discussion Conclusion and future direction 2

2 Outline ❑ Introduction ➢ Previous works & Motivation ❑ System model and main idea ❑ The impact of mobility on capacity for restricted mobility model ❑ The impact of mobility on delay for restricted mobility model ❑ Discussion ❑ Conclusion and future direction

Previous Works Motivation 上浒充通大￥ What is multicast? SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY One source to m destinations oo Data copy is necessary One copy may be sent to multiple destinations The number of flows is reduced comparing with unicast 0 0o0 O a Xiangyang Li [1] [1]X.Li,"Multicast Capacity of Large Scale Wireless Ad Hoc Networks",IEEE/ACM Trans.Networking,Vol.17,No.3,pp. 950-961,Jan.2008.(citation:234) 3

Previous Works & Motivation What is multicast? ➢ One source to m destinations 3 ✓ Data copy is necessary ✓ One copy may be sent to multiple destinations ✓ The number of flows is reduced comparing with unicast Xiangyang Li [1] [1] X. Li, “Multicast Capacity of Large Scale Wireless Ad Hoc Networks”, IEEE/ACM Trans. Networking, Vol.17, No. 3, pp. 950-961, Jan. 2008.(citation:234)

Previous Works Motivation 上浒充通大￥ The multicast uses SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY Video sources Video clients Live Video distribution ntemet and mobile networks Collaborative groupware Periodic Data Delivery- Stock quotes,sports scores, "Push"technology magazines,newspapers,adverts Hub site Any Applications with Server/Web-site multiple receivers replication (1-to-many) Branch Branch office Branch office office Resource Discovery Reducing Network/ more than multiple Resource Overhead point-to-point flows Distributed Interactive Wargames,virtual reality Simulation (DIS) 4

Previous Works & Motivation The multicast uses 4 Any Applications with multiple receivers (1-to-many) Collaborative groupware Reducing Network/ Resource Overhead Live Video distribution Server/Web-site replication Resource Discovery Periodic Data Delivery – "Push" technology Stock quotes, sports scores, magazines, newspapers, adverts more than multiple point-to-point flows Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) Wargames, virtual reality Video sources Internet and mobile networks Video clients Hub site Branch office Branch office Branch office

Previous Works Motivation 上游充通大 The essential difference between multicast and unicast SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY The flow aggregation in multicast case (multiple flows with different destinations can be aggregated,and therefore only one flow is enough) Number of flows multi-unicast multicast > Due to the flow aggregation,the number of flows is reduced (11-5 in this example)by the multicast scheduling comparing with the multi-unicast case. 5

Previous Works & Motivation The essential difference between multicast and unicast ➢ The flow aggregation in multicast case (multiple flows with different destinations can be aggregated, and therefore only one flow is enough) ➢ Due to the flow aggregation, the number of flows is reduced (11→5 in this example) by the multicast scheduling comparing with the multi-unicast case. 5 multi-unicast multicast Number of flows

Previous Works Motivation 上浒充通大￥ The mobility SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY Everything is going mobile > Currently,more than 70%of Facebook users access the service via a mobile device at least some of the time [2]. > 65%growth in mobile data traffic between Q1 2013 and Q1 2014 I31. 2500 Mobile data traffic in Percent Mobile Users of Facebook as Portion of Q1 2014 exceeded Total User Base total mobile data 2000 traffic in 2011 80,0% 70.0% 65% 60,0% 1500 growth in data traffic 50,0% between Q1 2013 and Q1 2014 40.0% 1.D00 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% 10q110q210g310g411g1110211q311c412q112q212q312q413q113q2 02000401 2004 [2]Christopher Penn,"State of Facebook:70%use a mobile device to access Facebook", http://www.shiftcomm.com/2013/07/state-of-facebook-70-use-a-mobile-device-to-access-facebook [3]Ericsson,"Ericsson Mobility Report-June 2014",http://w.ericsson.com/ericsson-mobility-report 6

Previous Works & Motivation The mobility ❑ Everything is going mobile ➢ Currently, more than 70% of Facebook users access the service via a mobile device at least some of the time [2]. ➢ 65% growth in mobile data traffic between Q1 2013 and Q1 2014 [3]. 6 [2] Christopher Penn, “State of Facebook: 70% use a mobile device to access Facebook”, http://www.shiftcomm.com/2013/07/state-of-facebook-70-use-a-mobile-device-to-access-facebook [3] Ericsson, “Ericsson Mobility Report-June 2014”, http://www.ericsson.com/ericsson-mobility-report

Previous Works Motivation 上浒充通大粤 The study of mobility SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY > A large number of studies focus on the mobility,including the modeling, measurement,scheduling design,performance analysis and etc. Heterogenous mobility[6] Static Random networks 1.D. Restricted [4] mobility[5] mobility[7] Markov Correlative mobility mobility [8] [4]P.Gupta and P.R.Kumar,"The capacity of wireless networks",IEEE Trans.Inform.Theory,vol.46,no. 2,pp.388-4042000.(citation:7678) [5]A.Gamal,J.Mammen,B.Prabhakar and D.Shah,"Optimal Throughput-Delay Scaling in Wireless Networks-Part I: The Fluid Model,"in IEEE Transactions on Information Theory,vol.52,no.6,pp.2568-2592,2006.(citation:249) [6]Y.Tao,B.Ye,X.Wang,et al.,"Capacity and delay of heterogeneous wireless networks with correlated mobility,"in Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC)2013,Shanghai,China,Apr.2013. [7]M.Garetto,E.Leonardi,"Restricted Mobility Improves DelayThroughput Tradeoffs in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks,"in IEEE Transactions on Information Theory,vol.56,no.10,pp.5010-5029,2010. [8]C.Zhang,X.Zhu and Y.Fang,"On the improvement of scaling laws for large-scale MANETs with network coding," in IEEE Joumal on Selected Areas in Communications,vol.27,no.5,pp.662-672,2009

Previous Works & Motivation The study of mobility 7 Static networks [4] Random I.I.D. mobility[5] Restricted mobility[7] Correlative mobility Markov mobility [8] Heterogenous mobility[6] …… ➢ A large number of studies focus on the mobility, including the modeling, measurement, scheduling design, performance analysis and etc. [4] P. Gupta and P. R. Kumar, "The capacity of wireless networks", IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol. 46, no. 2, pp.388 -404 2000. (citation:7678) [5] A. Gamal, J. Mammen, B. Prabhakar and D. Shah, “Optimal Throughput-Delay Scaling in Wireless Networks-Part I: The Fluid Model,” in IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol. 52, no. 6, pp. 2568-2592, 2006. (citation:249) [6] Y. Tao, B. Ye, X. Wang, et al.,“Capacity and delay of heterogeneous wireless networks with correlated mobility,” in Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC) 2013, Shanghai, China, Apr. 2013. [7] M. Garetto, E. Leonardi, “Restricted Mobility Improves DelayThroughput Tradeoffs in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks,” in IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol. 56, no. 10, pp. 5010-5029, 2010. [8] C. Zhang, X. Zhu and Y. Fang, “On the improvement of scaling laws for large-scale MANETs with network coding,” in IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 662-672, 2009

Previous Works Motivation 上浒充通大￥ The impact of mobility(1) SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY >The mobility helps deliver the packet Static R R R R Random R i.i.d. R ® Time slot 1 Time slot 2 8

Previous Works & Motivation The impact of mobility(1) ➢ The mobility helps deliver the packet 8 S D S Static Random i.i.d. R R R R R R D S R D Time slot 1 Time slot 2 R R R R

Previous Works Motivation 上游充通大警 The impact of mobility(2) SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY > The mobility may reduce the probability of flow aggregation Time slot 1 Time slot 2 Time slot 3 The aggregated flow 02 D2 DI Static D3 D3 Cannot be aggregated 2 with other flow(s)due to (D3 the random mobility Random DI i.i.d. 9

Previous Works & Motivation The impact of mobility(2) ➢ The mobility may reduce the probability of flow aggregation 9 S D1 D2 D3 The aggregated flow S D1 D2 D3 Time slot 1 Time slot 2 Static Random i.i.d. S D1 D2 D3 S D1 D2 D3 S D1 D2 D3 Time slot 3 Cannot be aggregated with other flow(s) due to the random mobility

Previous Works Motivation 上浒充通大￥ Our view on the impact of mobility SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY >According to the mentioned impacts above,we can conclude that: The mobility helps deliver the packet-The mobility improves the capacity. The mobility may reduce the probability of flow aggregation-The mobility weakens the distinction between multicast and unicast. 10

Previous Works & Motivation Our view on the impact of mobility ➢ According to the mentioned impacts above, we can conclude that: ✓ The mobility helps deliver the packet → The mobility improves the capacity. ✓ The mobility may reduce the probability of flow aggregation → The mobility weakens the distinction between multicast and unicast. 10