《生物技术安全》（英文版) 11. Safety equipment

11. Safety equipment

11. Safety equipment

As aerosols are important sources of infection, care should be taken to reduce the extent of their formation and dispersion. Hazardous aerosols can be generated by many laboratory operations, e.g. blending, mixing, grinding, shaking, stirring, sonicating and centrifuging of infectious materials. Even when safe equipment is used, it is best to carry out these operations in an approved biological safety cabinet whenever possible

As aerosols are important sources of infection, care should be taken to reduce the extent of their formation and dispersion. Hazardous aerosols can be generated by many laboratory operations, e.g. blending, mixing, grinding, shaking, stirring, sonicating and centrifuging of infectious materials. Even when safe equipment is used, it is best to carry out these operations in an approved biological safety cabinet whenever possible

Biological safety cabinets and their use and testing are discussed in Chapter 10. The use of safety equipment is no assurance of protection unless the operator is trained and uses proper techniques. equipment should be tested regularly to ensure its continued safe performance

Biological safety cabinets and their use and testing are discussed in Chapter 10. The use of safety equipment is no assurance of protection unless the operator is trained and uses proper techniques. Equipment should be tested regularly to ensure its continued safe performance

Table 10 provides a checklist of safety equipment designed to eliminate or reduce certain hazards and briefly outlines the safety features. EQUIPMENT HAZARD CORRECTED SAFETY FEATURES Biological safety cabinet Class Aerosol and spatter Minimum inward airflow(face elocity) at work access opening Adequate filtration of exhaust air Does not provide product protection C|ass‖ Aerosol and spatter Minimum inward airflow(face velocity) at work access opening Adequate filtration of exhaust air Provides product protection Class Aerosol and spatter Maximum containment Provides product protection laminar flow air is included

Table 10 provides a checklist of safety equipment designed to eliminate or reduce certain hazards and briefly outlines the safety features

EQUIPMENT HAZARD CORRECTED SAFETY FEATURES Negative pressure Aerosol and spatter Maximum containment flexible-film isolator Spatter shield Spatter of chemicals Forms screen between operator and work Pipetting aids Hazards from pipetting by Ease of use mouth, e.g. ingestion of Controls contamination of suction pathogens, inhalation of end of pipette, protecting pipetting aerosols produced by mouth aid, user and vacuum line suction on pipette, blowing Can be sterilized out of liquid or dripping from Controls leakage from pipette tip pipette, contamination of suction end of pipette

EQUIPMENT HAZARD CORRECTED SAFETY FEATURES Loop microinciner- Spatter from transfer loops Shielded in open-ended glass or ators, disposable ceramic tube Heated by gas or loops electricity Disposable, no heating necessary Leakproof vessels Aerosols, spillage and Leakproof construction with lid or for collection and leakage cover transport of Durable infectious materials · Autoclavab|e for sterilization within a facility Sharps disposal Puncture wounds Autoclavable containers Robust, puncture-proof

EQUIPMENT HAZARD CORRECTED SAFETY FEATURES Transport containers Release of microorganisms Robust between laboratories Watertight primary and secondary institutions containers to contain spills Absorbent material to contain spills Autoclaves, manual Infectious material(made Approved design or automatic safe for disposal or reuse Effective heat sterilization Screw-capped bottles Aerosols and spillage Effective containment Vacuum line Contamination of laboratory Cartridge-type filter prevents protection vacuum system with passage of aerosols(particle size aerosols and overflow fluids 0. 45 um) Overflow flask contains appropriate disinfectant. Rubber bulb may be used to close off vacuum auto matically When storage flask is full Entire unit autoclavable

Negative-pressure flexible-film isolators The negative-pressure flexible-film isolator is a self- contained primary containment device that provides maximum protection against hazardous biological materials. It may be mounted on a mobile stand. The workspace is totally enclosed in a transparent polyvinylchloride(Pvc)envelope suspended from a steel framework

Negative-pressure flexible-film isolators The negative-pressure flexible-film isolator is a self￾contained primary containment device that provides maximum protection against hazardous biological materials. It may be mounted on a mobile stand. The workspace is totally enclosed in a transparent polyvinylchloride (PVC) envelope suspended from a steel framework

The isolator is maintained at an internal pressure lower than atmospheric pressure. Inlet air is passed through one HEPA filter and outlet air is passed through two hePa filters, thus obviating the need to duct exhaust air outside the building. The isolator may be fitted with an incubator, microscope and other laboratory equipment, such as centrifuges, animal cages, heat blocks, etc

The isolator is maintained at an internal pressure lower than atmospheric pressure. Inlet air is passed through one HEPA filter and outlet air is passed through two HEPA filters, thus obviating the need to duct exhaust air outside the building. The isolator may be fitted with an incubator, microscope and other laboratory equipment, such as centrifuges, animal cages, heat blocks, etc

Material is introduced and removed from the isolator through supply and sample ports without compromising microbiological security. Manipulations are performed using gloved sleeves incorporating disposable gloves. A manometer is installed to monitor envelope pressure

Material is introduced and removed from the isolator through supply and sample ports without compromising microbiological security. Manipulations are performed using gloved sleeves incorporating disposable gloves. A manometer is installed to monitor envelope pressure