《大学英语》课程授课教案（讲义，新视野）Unit 2 Book II NHCE

Unit2BookⅡNHCE 学院07教政班 I.Teaching Material SectionA Environmental Protection Throughout the World Section B Green Spaces in Cities II.Objectives Objectives Statements of Intended Learning Outcomes Grasp the main idea and the organization of the text. 知识目标 K2 Comprehend involved sentences or /sentence patterns. (To Know) K3 Master the key language points and grammatical structures in the text. 课堂后，学生应 K4 Develop awareness of environmental issues, 能理解到什么知 K5 Learn to ritea paragraph with problem-otion patter 识？) DI Improve reading by distinguishing between facts and opinions(Section 技能目标 B (ToDo) D2 Improve writing skills(Writing task of SectionA); 课堂后·学生获 D3 Receive the skills&rules of finding out word meanings(Section B). 得以下技能) Developcritical thinking Learn approaches to communication; D6 Form the habit of self-reflecting on and independently analyzing and tacking problems in ELL: D7 Develop team work and co-operation via group activities. D8 D9 Cultivae research skills by exploring the unknown related to the theme. In terms of learning itself.For example: 情意目标 BI Develop Ss'interests/confidence in environmental issues through (ToBe) autonomous learning and co-operation via on-line and off-line learning Enable Sstoenjoy their accomplishments related informa (个人及社会价的 and public presentation. /态度(Be)或 In terms of developing morals,values and ethics.it depends on the topic 做到什么样的 concerned. 人力 BI Be more concerned with the social issue and be fully aware of the B2 Enhance Ss'social-c nsciousn and Cherish the school-time to qualify oneself. B4 Develop the ability to view issues from different aspects and the habit to solve problems/collect information on one's own. 1

1 Unit 2 Book II NHCE _学院 _07_教改 _班 I. Teaching Material Section A Environmental Protection Throughout the World Section B Green Spaces in Cities II. Objectives Objectives Statements of Intended Learning Outcomes 知识目标 （To Know） (课堂后·学生应 能理解到什么知 识? ) K1 Grasp the main idea and the organization of the text; K2 Comprehend involved sentences or /sentence patterns; K3 Master the key language points and grammatical structures in the text; K4 Develop awareness of environmental issues; K5 Learn to write a paragraph with problem-solution pattern. 技能目标 （To Do） (课堂后·学生获 得以下技能 ) D1 Improve reading by distinguishing between facts and opinions (Section B); D2 Improve writing skills (Writing task of Section A); D3 Receive the skills & rules of finding out word meanings (Section B); D4 Develop critical thinking; D5 Learn approaches to communication; D6 Form the habit of self-reflecting on and independently analyzing and tacking problems in ELL; D7 Develop team work and co-operation via group activities; D8 Develop autonomous learning ability via on-line and off-line study; D9 Cultivate research skills by exploring the unknown related to the theme. 情意目标 （To Be） (个人及社会价值 ／态度 (Be) 或 做 到 什 么 样 的 人?) In terms of learning itself. For example: B1 Develop Ss’ interests/ confidence in environmental issues through autonomous learning and co-operation via on-line and off-line learning B2 Enable Ss to enjoy their accomplishments in collecting related information and public presentation. In terms of developing morals, values and ethics, it depends on the topic concerned. B1 Be more concerned with the social issue and be fully aware of the importance of environmental protection. B2 Enhance Ss’social-consciousness and social responsibility. B3 Cherish the school-time to qualify oneself. B4 Develop the ability to view issues from different aspects and the habit to solve problems / collect information on one’s own

III Key points 1.Key words undertake initiative abundant ambitious diversity extensive reverse conflict sponsor impact wage massive convert 2.Phrases majority of concern with regardless of spring up as aresult of aim at agree to lead to 3.Hard points 1)Interpretation of involved sentences; 2)Development of Ss'communicative skills, 3)Organization of and Ss'involvement in learning activities. VI Timeallotment 1 period 2-3periods 4period periods Preparation Detailed study of SectionA Consolidation&development Section B&Assessment V Teaching Process Step 1 Preparation This step aims at studying the new words and expressions in the unit and getting some ideas and information about the topic. 1)Check the preview by dictation and finish the translation exercise on P41. Spell out the following words with the help of their meanings and the first letters. 1.un g start on (work)(undertake) 2.ab a. more than enough (abundant) 3.5 n.a group of animals or plants that are the same in some way (species) 4.se n.a number of things of the same kind that come one after another (series) 5. re change round(proper order or position);change (a decision or judgment)to the opposite (reverse) 6.c0 n.struggle,quarrel,disagreement (conflict) 7. SD take responsibility for a person or thing (sponsor) 8 e cause to exist (generate) 9 take the place of (replace) 10. d aof different kinds (diverse) Translation(汉译英/英译汉均可 1.自今年夏初起，海尔公司（但air)展开了空调促销的广告大战。 Since the beginning of this summer.Haier has waged a massive ad campaign to promote its air-conditioner sae 2

2 III Key points 1. Key words undertake initiative abundant ambitious diversity extensive reverse conflict sponsor impact wage massive convert 2. Phrases majority of concern with regardless of spring up as a result of aim at agree to lead to frown on 3. Hard points 1) Interpretation of involved sentences; 2) Development of Ss’ communicative skills, 3) Organization of and Ss’ involvement in learning activities. VI Time allotment 1 s1 period 2-3 periods 4 th period 5 th &6th periods Preparation Detailed study of Section A Consolidation & development Section B & Assessment V Teaching Process Step 1 Preparation This step aims at studying the new words and expressions in the unit and getting some ideas and information about the topic. 1) Check the preview by dictation and finish the translation exercise on P41. Spell out the following words with the help of their meanings and the first letters. 1. un_ v. start on (work) (undertake) 2. ab_ a. more than enough (abundant) 3. s_ n. a group of animals or plants that are the same in some way (species) 4. se_ n. a number of things of the same kind that come one after another (series) 5. re_ v. change round (proper order or position);change ( a decision or judgment) to the opposite (reverse) 6. co_ n. struggle, quarrel, disagreement (conflict) 7. sp_ v. take responsibility for a person or thing (sponsor) 8. g _ v. cause to exist (generate) 9. re _ v. take the place of (replace) l0. d _ a. of different kinds (diverse) Translation (汉译英/英译汉均可) 1.自今年夏初起, 海尔公司 (Haier) 展开了空调促销的广告大战。 Since the beginning of this summer, Haier has waged a massive ad campaign to promote its air-conditioner sales

2,玛丽的父母不同意地去类国，因此她最终能否实现自己的愿望尚不可知。 Mary's parents frown on the idea of her going to America,it remains to be seen whether e her dream 3.罗斯明白约箱源源不断的来信，连同无数的玫瑰花，目的是为了赢得她的心。 Rose knows that continuous letters from John,together with countless roses,are aimed at winning her heart 4.政府通过资助种植果树以使荒地重新变绿，成功地改善了生态环境。 Through sponsoring the growing of fruit trees to regenerate waste land,the government succeeded in improving the ecological environment 5政府已采取了一系列新的环保措施，由此在全国多地出现了许多公园和公共绿地。 The government has undertaken a series of new environmental initiatives.As a result.many parks and green belts have sprung upall over the country. 2)Listen toa short passage and tell the main idea Listening: Skyscrapers and Environment In the late 1960's,many people in North America tumed their attention to environmental problems,and new steel-and-glass skyscrapers were widely criticized. Ecologists pointed out that a cluster of tall buildings in a city often overburdens public transportation and parking lot capacities. Skyscra nsumers,and waste ers,of electric power.In one recent year,the addition of 17 million square feet of skyscraper office space in New York City raised the peak daily demand for electricity by 120,000 kilowatts-enough to supply the entire city of Albany,New York,for a day. Glass-walled skyscrapers can be especially wasteful.The heat loss (or gain)through a wall of half inch glas re than ten times that throug asonry wall filled w th board.ea air-conditioning equipment,builders of skyscrapers have begun to use double-glazed panels of glass,and reflective glasses coated with silver or gold mirror films that reduce glare as well as heat gain.However,mirror-walled skyscrapers raise the temperature of the surrounding air and affect neighboring buildings. on a itation facilities,too.If fully occupied,the two World Trade Center towers in New York City would alone generate 2.25 million gallons of raw sewage each year-as much as a city the size of Stanford, Connecticut.which has a population of more than 109.000. 3)Questions(Do you think our ment is polluted?What kinds of pollution do you think we have at present?What are the main causes ofpollution?) Open-ending questions Sea/water/air pollution:deforestation.overpopulation 4)Public presentation. 5)Fast reading (At first T should explain how to handle fast reading and give students 3

3 2.玛丽的父母不同意她去美国，因此她最终能否实现自己的愿望尚不可知。 Mary’s parents frown on the idea of her going to America, so it remains to be seen whether she will realize her dream. 3. 罗斯明白约翰源源不断的来信，连同无数的玫瑰花，目的是为了赢得她的心。 Rose knows that continuous letters from John, together with countless roses, are aimed at winning her heart. 4. 政府通过资助种植果树以使荒地重新变绿，成功地改善了生态环境。 Through sponsoring the growing of fruit trees to regenerate waste land, the government succeeded in improving the ecological environment. 5.政府已采取了一系列新的环保措施，由此在全国多地出现了许多公园和公共绿地。 The government has undertaken a series of new environmental initiatives. As a result, many parks and green belts have sprung up all over the country. 2) Listen to a short passage and tell the main idea. Listening: Skyscrapers and Environment In the late 1960's, many people in North America turned their attention to environmental problems, and new steel-and-glass skyscrapers were widely criticized. Ecologists pointed out that a cluster of tall buildings in a city often overburdens public transportation and parking lot capacities. Skyscrapers are also lavish consumers, and wasters, of electric power. In one recent year, the addition of 17 million square feet of skyscraper office space in New York City raised the peak daily demand for electricity by 120, 000 kilowatts-enough to supply the entire city of Albany, New York, for a day. Glass-walled skyscrapers can be especially wasteful. The heat loss (or gain)through a wall of half-inch plate glass is more than ten times that through a typical masonry wall filled with insulation board. To lessen the strain on heating and air-conditioning equipment, builders of skyscrapers have begun to use double-glazed panels of glass, and reflective glasses coated with silver or gold mirror films that reduce glare as well as heat gain. However, mirror-walled skyscrapers raise the temperature of the surrounding air and affect neighboring buildings. Skyscrapers put a severe strain on a city's sanitation facilities, too. If fully occupied, the two World Trade Center towers in New York City would alone generate 2.25 million gallons of raw sewage each year-as much as a city the size of Stanford, Connecticut , which has a population of more than 109, 000. 3) Questions (Do you think our environment is polluted? What kinds of pollution do you think we have at present? What are the main causes of pollution?) Open-ending questions Sea/ water/ air pollution; deforestation, overpopulation 4) Public presentation. 5) Fast reading (At first, T should explain how to handle fast reading and give students

some skills.) Skinning and scanning Questions: 1.Environmental awareness only exists in some parts of the world.(Y) 2.There have been no changes in the world concerning about the environmental protection.(N) 3.Eastern Canada and New England were once rich in cob and othe r species.(Y) 4.Some countrie are trying to preserve their rain forests,including Chile and Argentina.(NG) 5.Costa Rica has made the most ambitious program in the world in order to protect its rain forests.(N) 6.Brazil's protection of the rain forests has raised some conficts between farmers 7.Easter Europe isthe most polluted areain the world (NG 8.Germany and the Czech Republic have signed a treaty to protect from further contamination.the Elbe River 9.Ghana's population has been growing by a vear.3.2 percent 10.With 188 million people,Indonesia is now st gling provide enough or its people. (food,shelter,and employmen Step 2 Detailed study of Section A This step aims at helping Ss'comprehension about the theme,structure as well as language points(3:Skimming Practice the key words /phases/patterns.ete. reading 1)Text understanding Answer the following questions related to the text What do most countries concern themselves with? They concern about economic development.regardless of its effect on the global ecology Why and how do people change theirattitude? Because of the increasing environmental damage,people become more aware of environmental problems and many countries undertake new environmental initiatives How did Canada protect its fish supply and what was the result? Canada theare tocd fishing an strict limits on catches of other ecies As a result,herring eventually recovered,but some species may never recover and about 40.000 fishermen are unemploved because of the fishing ban and loss of their fish supply. What measures did Costa Rica take to protect its remaining rain forest? It has issued a series of new envir ntal laws and created parks and nature preservers that cover one quarter of the country. What does the writer think of Brazil's environmental protection? It was under pressure from environmentalists around the world that Brazil tool certain measures to protect its Amazon rain forest:and the writer questions its true 4

4 some skills.) Skinning and scanning Questions: 1. Environmental awareness only exists in some parts of the world. ( Y ) 2. There have been no changes in the world concerning about the environmental protection. ( N ) 3. Eastern Canada and New England were once rich in cob and other species. ( Y ) 4. Some countries are trying to preserve their rain forests, including Chile and Argentina. ( NG ) 5. Costa Rica has made the most ambitious program in the world in order to protect its rain forests. ( N ) 6. Brazil’s protection of the rain forests has raised some conflicts between farmers and Indians. ( Y ) 7. Eastern Europe is the most polluted area in the world. ( NG ) 8. Germany and the Czech Republic have signed a treaty to protect _ from further contamination. ( the Elbe River ) 9. Ghana’s population has been growing by _ a year. （ 3.2 percent ） 10. With 188 million people, Indonesia is now struggling to provide enough _ for its people. ( food, shelter, and employment ) Step 2 Detailed study of Section A This step aims at helping Ss’ comprehension about the theme, structure as well as language points（3S: Skimming, Scanning & Skipping, Practice the key words /phases/patterns, etc. & engage in other after-reading activities etc.） 1) Text understanding Answer the following questions related to the text ① What do most countries concern themselves with? They concern about economic development, regardless of its effect on the global ecology. ② Why and how do people change their attitude towards environment? Because of the increasing environmental damage, people become more aware of environmental problems and many countries undertake new environmental initiatives. ③ How did Canada protect its fish supply and what was the result? Canada closed the are to cod fishing and set strict limits on catches of other species. As a result, herring eventually recovered, but some species may never recover and about 40,000 fishermen are unemployed because of the fishing ban and loss of their fish supply. ④ What measures did Costa Rica take to protect its remaining rain forest? It has issued a series of new environmental laws and created parks and nature preservers that cover one quarter of the country. ⑤ What does the writer think of Brazil’s environmental protection? It was under pressure from environmentalists around the world that Brazil tool certain measures to protect its Amazon rain forest; and the writer questions its true

level of commitment to protect its Amazon Indians who are endangered in the with those people hon the forests Why is Eastern Europe considered the most polluted of all the world's industrialized areas? Heavy metals from coal mining have contaminated much of the area's waters.Many rivers.land.and forests are biologically dead because the pollution is very serious How effective is Ghana'sforest protection program? The problem has succeeded in strengthening the country's agricultural base and bringing a new source of wealth to villagers.But it remains to be seen whether these measures will have enough impact to slow the rate of removing the forests. What are the serious problems that Indonesia is facing? Indonesia is facing the problem of providing enough food,shelter and employment for its large What is the writer's writing purpose? The necessity of protecting environment 2)Organization 1 What is the difference of this text from Unit 1?(subtitles) there?(2) ③ Part A:para.ISigns of change have sprung up in various pockets around the world Part B:para.2-the end -To illustrate the signs of change in some countries.the Pay attention to the writing devices the writer uses Review the "Cause and Effect"pattern Learn the"Problem-solution"pattern.(P42) 3)Language points ①key words undertake t)((start to)make oneself responsible for(sth.)担任，承担 e.g.She undertook the organization of the whole plan.她承担了整个计划的 组织工作。 We can'tundertake that you will make a profit我们不能保证你会获利。 mise to do sth.同意做，要做 e.g. k to finish the job by Friday 他答应星期五之前完成这项工作。 Collocations:undertake responsibility承担责任 undertake a task从事一项工作 ndertake to do sth./that.若手做某事/保证. 2.initiativ h)[C]action taken to solve a difficulty解决困难所 采取的行动，初步行动 e.g.The government is taking some fresh initiatives to deal with the problem. 政府正在采取某些新的积极行动来解决这一问题。 2)the~(sing)opportunity to gain an advantage采取行动的能力（权利或权

5 level of commitment to protect its Amazon Indians who are endangered in the conflict with those people who continue to destroy the forests. ⑥ Why is Eastern Europe considered the most polluted of all the world’s industrialized areas? Heavy metals from coal mining have contaminated much of the area’s waters. Many rivers, land, and forests are biologically dead because the pollution is very serious. ⑦ How effective is Ghana’s forest protection program? The problem has succeeded in strengthening the country’s agricultural base and bringing a new source of wealth to villagers. But it remains to be seen whether these measures will have enough impact to slow the rate of removing the forests. ⑧ What are the serious problems that Indonesia is facing? Indonesia is facing the problem of providing enough food, shelter and employment for its large population, and encouraging birth control. ⑨ What is the writer’s writing purpose? The necessity of protecting environment 2) Organization ① What is the difference of this text from Unit 1? (subtitles) ② How many parts are there? (2) ③ Sum up the main idea of each paragraph Part A: para.1 → Signs of change have sprung up in various pockets around the world. Part B: para.2-the end → To illustrate the signs of change in some countries, the author cites 6 typical examples of countries. ④ Pay attention to the writing devices the writer uses. Review the “Cause and Effect” pattern Learn the “Problem- solution” pattern. ( P42 ) 3) Language points ① key words 1. undertake vt. 1) (start to) make oneself responsible for (sth.) 担任，承担 e.g. She undertook the organization of the whole plan. 她承担了整个计划的 组织工作。 We can’t undertake that you will make a profit. 我们不能保证你会获利。 2) agree or promise to do sth. 同意做，要做 e.g. He undertook to finish the job by Friday. 他答应星期五之前完成这项工作。 Collocations: undertake responsibility 承担责任 undertake a task 从事一项工作 undertake to do sth./that. 着手做某事/保证······ 2. initiative n. 1) [C] action taken to solve a difficulty 解决困难所 采取的行动，初步行动 e.g. The government is taking some fresh initiatives to deal with the problem. 政府正在采取某些新的积极行动来解决这一问题。 2) the ~ (sing.) opportunity to gain an advantage 采取行动的能力（权利或权

力)，主动权，优先权 s passed to us.主动权已转到了我们一方。 一以四生进取精神（优指不欢斯于你力的口 as to be dor o it,esp.without the help e.g She hasn't the initiative to start such a project. 她缺乏开始从事这样一个项目所需要的首创精神。 Collocations: act on one's own initiative处于主动地位 take the initiative(nd 发挥主动性首创性 on one own initiative自愿地 ,主动地 3.abundant a)more than enough;plenty很多的，丰富的，充裕的 e.g There are abundant supplies of wood for fires in the forest.森林里有充裕 的薪柴可用。 2)(in/with)having plenty of sth,rich insth.富于，富有 e.g.The rivers of the New World were abundant with fish 美洲大陆的河流里有大量的鱼类。 abundance n.大量 be abundant in/with 4. ambitious a)determined to be successful,rich,powerfuletc有抱负的，野心勒物的 e.g.She is politically ambitious.她有政治野心（或抱负）。 Tom is ambitious to succeed in business.汤姆渴望在商业上有所成就。 2)showing a desire to do something good or difficult显示雄心的，需要极大 努力才能完成的 e.gIt is one of the mosta ious engineering projects of modern time ambition n. 哥心，抱负 ambitiously ad.雄心勃勤地 ambitious for 对.野心雄心勒勒 5.diversity nU(sig.state of being different;variety差异，多样，多样性 e.g.There is a cultural d the United States.美国文化具多样性。 diverse a. 不同的，多样的： diversify 使不同；使多样化 a diversity of 各种各样的 e.g.It's natural that there is a diversiny ofopinions within the organization 6.extensive al)large in area;extending far(指面积)辽阔的，广阔的 e.g The land is flat,and the views are extensive.这里地势平坦，一望无际。 2)wide-ranging;large in amount广泛的，大量的 e.g.The fire aused xtensive damage to the factory.大火使工厂道到巨大的 破环。 请勿混浦：excessive a.过多的，过分的，额外an extensive view广阔的视野 【辨义】extensive,broad,wide extensive涵盖面广的，涉及的范围大的： 6

6 力），主动权，优先权 e.g. The initiative has passed to us. 主动权已转到了我们一方。 3) [U] ability to see what needs to be done and try to do it, esp. without the help of others 主动, 进取精神（尤指不求助于外力的） e.g She hasn’t the initiative to start such a project. 她缺乏开始从事这样一个项目所需要的首创精神。 Collocations: act on one’s own initiative 处于主动地位 take the initiative ( in doing sth.) 发挥主动性/首创性 on one’s own initiative 自愿地，主动地 3. abundant a.1) more than enough; plenty 很多的，丰富的,充裕的 e.g There are abundant supplies of wood for fires in the forest. 森林里有充裕 的薪柴可用。 2) (in/with) having plenty of sth., rich in sth. 富于，富有 e.g. The rivers of the New World were abundant with fish. 美洲大陆的河流里有大量的鱼类。 abundance n. 大量 be abundant in/with 4. ambitious a. 1) determined to be successful, rich, powerful etc 有抱负的，野心勃勃的 e.g. She is politically ambitious. 她有政治野心（或抱负）。 Tom is ambitiousto succeed in business. 汤姆渴望在商业上有所成就。 2) showing a desire to do something good or difficult 显示雄心的,需要极大 努力才能完成的 e.g It is one of the most ambitious engineering projects of modern times. ambition n. 野心，抱负 ambitiously ad. 雄心勃勃地 ambitious for 对······野心/雄心勃勃 5. diversity n. [U] (sing.) state of being different; variety 差异，多样，多样性 e.g. There is a cultural diversity in the United States. 美国文化具多样性。 diverse a. 不同的，多样的； diversify v. 使不同；使多样化 a diversity of 各种各样的 e.g. It's natural that there is a diversity of opinions within the organization. 6. extensive a.1) large in area; extending far （指面积）辽阔的，广阔的 e.g The land is flat, and the views are extensive. 这里地势平坦，一望无际。 2) wide-ranging; large in amount 广泛的，大量的 e.g. The fire caused extensive damage to the factory. 大火使工厂遭到巨大的 破坏。 请勿混淆: excessive a.过多的, 过分的, 额外 an extensive view 广阔的视野 【辨义】extensive, broad, wide extensive 涵盖面广的，涉及的范围大的；

braad 多指物的面积大的，表面宽广的： wide 着里两边的距离宽 7.reverse t)turm(sth)the other way round or up,orinside out反转，颗倒，翻转 e.g.Writing is reversed in the mirror. 文字在镜子里是倒着的。 2)exchange(two functio s,positions,etc.)互换（功能、地位等） e.g The husband and the )C0激消，取清 ve reversed their roles.丈夫和妻子互换了职责 e.g.The appeal court reversed the original decision and set the prisoner free. 上诉法院撒消了原判，把那个犯人释放了。 n1)(sing)a thing that is the contrary or opposite to what is expected 相反 eg.The exact reverse was the case.情况正好相反 2)IC]other side or back of sth.背面，反面 e.g.His name is on the reverse of the medal.助章的背面刻着他的姓名。 3)ICl change for the worse:bad luck or trouble折，不幸 .g.He he rich but he with 过去很有后来在生兼上述道厄运。 es in his business. acontrary or opposite to what is expected相对的，相反的，颠倒的 e.g.Please read the names on this list in reverse order.请以倒序念这名单上的 名字。 请勿混：reserve n./储备，保留 reverse a car 倒车 reverse roles/positions互换角色/位置 in reverse 相反，反之亦然 e.g.US video recorders canno ay Eur 2美国录像机不能播放洲的录像带， colneafioC go into reverse/put something into reverse (使某事)改变方向： e.g.The incident threatened to put the peace process into reverse.此事件可能使 和平的进程逆转。 the reverse side反面 n the reverse direction//order朝相反方向按相反顺序 8.conflict nl)IC,U(of opinions,desires,ctc)opposing:difference;:clash(指意见、欲 望)冲突，抵触 e.g.It 营样的 reat confict. 种观 足为 2)IC,struggle;fight斗争，战斗 e.g.A conventional conflict might become a nuclear war. 一场常规战有可能会变成核战争。 vi be against or in disagre ment with;clash与.相反，抵触，冲突 7

7 broad 多指物的面积大的，表面宽广的； wide 着重两边的距离宽阔。 7. reverse vt.1) turn (sth.) the other way round or up, or inside out 反转，颠倒，翻转 e.g. Writing is reversed in the mirror. 文字在镜子里是倒着的。 2) exchange (two functions, positions, etc.) 互换（功能、地位等） e.g. The husband and the wife have reversed their roles. 丈夫和妻子互换了职责。 3) remove or wipe out 撤消，取消 e.g. The appeal court reversed the original decision and set the prisoner free. 上诉法院撤消了原判，把那个犯人释放了。 n. 1)（sing.）a thing that is the contrary or opposite to what is expected 相对， 相反 e.g. The exact reverse was the case. 情况正好相反。 2) [C] other side or back of sth. 背面，反面 e.g. His name is on the reverse of the medal. 勋章的背面刻着他的姓名。 3) [C] change for the worse; bad luck or trouble 挫折，不幸 e.g. He used to be rich, but he met with reverses in his business. 他过去很富有，但后来在生意上连遭厄运。 a. contrary or opposite to what is expected 相对的，相反的，颠倒的 e.g. Please read the names on this list in reverse order.请以倒序念这名单上的 名字。 请勿混淆：reserve n./v. 储备，保留 Collocations: reverse a car 倒车 reverse roles/positions 互换角色/位置 in reverse 相反,反之亦然 e.g. US video recorders cannot play European tapes, and the same applies in reverse. 美国录像机不能播放欧洲的录像带，反之亦然。 Collocations: go into reverse/put something into reverse （使某事）改变方向; e.g. The incident threatened to put the peace process into reverse. 此事件可能使 和平的进程逆转。 the reverse side 反面 in the reverse direction/ order 朝相反方向/按相反顺序 8. conflict n.1) [C, U] (of opinions, desires, etc.) opposing; difference; clash （指意见、欲 望）冲突，抵触 e.g. It is not surprising that such a view has led to great conflict. 这样的一种观点引起很大的意见分歧不足为怪。 2) [C, U] struggle; fight 斗争，战斗 e.g. A conventional conflict might become a nuclear war. 一场常规战有可能会变成核战争。 vi. be against or in disagreement with; clash 与······相 反, 抵触, 冲突

e.g.The statements of the two girls conflic.这两个女孩的陈述不一样。 Has france ever odern history? 在现代史上，法国与： Collocations: conflict over .发生冲突 e.g.conflicts over wage settlements conflict between.之间的矛盾 e.g.the confict between tradition and innovation be/come in afict with与 相冲突 conflict with与 9.sponsor vt 1)support (a person,organization or activity)by giving money,encouragement or other help赞助，支持 e.g.The team is KE 这支队伍是由耐克 司赞助的 此运动员都穿着KE字样 的运动服。 2)start::hold发起，举办，主办 e.g.The church sponsored the fair to raise money for elderly people 教会举办义卖，为老年人筹集福利基金。 n.1)[C]per son who puts forward o res an idea发起人，保证人 e.g.Coca Cola is the or of the yearly Christmas party. 可口可乐公司是一年一度圣诞晚会的主办者。 2)[C]person who pays money to support another person,organization or activity资助人，静助人 e.g.The firm r of ten gstudents at the university 这家公司出饯赞助10名在大学学习的工科学生。 10.impact nl)C(usu.sing.)strong impression or effect on sb./sth.对的强烈的印 象或影响 eg.Her speech made a great impact on everyone.她的发言对每个人都产生了 极大的影响 2)IU]hitting of one objeet against another碰撞，撞击 eg.The cup hit the wall and broke on impact.杯子碰在墙上时碎掉了。 g1)to leave a powerful effect on a situation or person影响，作用 cg.These accidents will impact our schoo s name.这些事故会影响到我们学 校的声誉。 2)strike,hit碰撞，撞击 e.g.The ball impacted against the bat with a loud noise. 球撞击球棒时发出了很大的声响。 impact 强烈的、有冲击性的影响。如： .2.How will the w act on such a poet? 战争对这样 个诗人会产生什么影响 affect 着重“影响”的动作，含有“对.产生不利影响”的意思。 e.g.This article wi训affeet my thinking.这篇文章将会彩响 我的思维。 8

8 e.g. The statements of the two girls conflict. 这两个女孩的陈述不一样。 Has France ever conflicted with England in modern history? 在现代史上，法国与英国之间发生过冲突吗？ Collocations: conflict over 就······发生冲突 e.g. conflicts over wage settlements conflict between ······之间的矛盾 e.g. the conflict between tradition and innovation be/come in conflict with 与······相冲突; conflict with 与······相冲突 9. sponsor vt.1) support (a person, organization or activity) by giving money, encouragement or other help 赞助，支持 e.g. The team is sponsored by NIKE, so the players wear shirts with the logo of NIKE. 这支队伍是由耐克公司赞助的，因此运动员都穿着带NIKE 字 样 的运动服。 2) start; hold 发起，举办，主办 e.g. The church sponsored the fair to raise money for elderly people. 教会举办义卖，为老年人筹集福利基金。 n.1) [C] person who puts forward or assures an idea 发起人，保证人 e.g. Coca Cola is the sponsor of the yearly Christmas party. 可口可乐公司是一年一度圣诞晚会的主办者。 2) [C] person who pays money to support another person, organization or activity 资助人，赞助人 e.g. The firm is the sponsor of ten engineering students at the university. 这家公司出钱赞助 10 名在大学学习的工科学生。 10. impact n.1) [C]（usu. sing.） strong impression or effect on sb./sth. 对······的强烈的印 象或影响 e.g. Her speech made a great impact on everyone. 她的发言对每个人都产生了 极大的影响。 2) [U] hitting of one object against another 碰撞，撞击 e.g. The cup hit the wall and broke on impact. 杯子碰在墙上时碎掉了。 v. 1) to leave a powerful effect on a situation or person 影响，作用 e.g. These accidents will impact our school’s name. 这些事故会影响到我们学 校的声誉。 2) strike, hit 碰撞，撞击 e.g. The ball impacted against the bat with a loud noise. 球撞击球棒时发出了很大的声响。 impact 强烈的、有冲击性的影响。如： e.g. How will the war impact on such a poet? 战争对这样一个诗人会产生什么影响? affect 着重“影响”的动作, 含有“对······产生不利影响”的意思。 e.g. This article will affect my thinking. 这篇文章将会影响 我 的思维

nfluence潜移欧化的影响 eg.Influenced by a high-school biology teacher,he took up the study or me 在一位中学生物教师的影响下他从事医学研究。 Collocations::impact against撞到上 impact on对.的影响 have an impact on对.有影响 profound/作ar-reaching impact深远的影响 11.wage 以begin and carry on(a war,campaign,etc.)发起，进行（战争、运动等） e.g.The city is waging a campaign against smoking. 这座城市正在开展一场戒烟运动。 wage a war/campaign on/against 发动支持/反对.的战争/运动 12.massive 1)very large in amount or number大量的，大规模的 e.g.I've got a mnassive amount of work to do. 我有许多工作要做。 Without a massive increase e in new money,the company will suffer a problemof 如果没有新的巨额追加资金，公司就会面临财政问题。 2)large in size,heavy大的，大而重的，大块的 e.g.A massive truck has just parked outside the house 巨型卡车停在了门外 mass团，块 ye形突词 后 13.convert gI).change one'sbelief,attitude,.etc.(使)改变（信仰或态度等） c,g.He honestly converted to Christianity.他真诫地改信了基督教。 My daughter has erted me to pop music. 我女儿使我喜欢上了流行音乐。 2).change sth.from one form or use to another改变，转变 e.g.This seat corverts easily into a bed. 这个座位可以很容易地变戒一张床。 They comverted their money from poundsinto dollars. 他们把英镑兑换成了美元。 conversion 变换，转化 converse n.相反的事物，倒，逆行；a相反的，颗倒的 Collocations:convert sth to/into sth 使.变为 convert sb to sth 使某人改变信仰 ②key phrases .Majority of::the larger number oramount;most大多数，大部分 e.g.The majority of doctors agree that smoking is very harmful to health 大多数医生认为吸烟对健康极其有害。 大部分学生觉得靠他们得到的那点钱生活很困难

9 Influence 潜移默化的影响。 e.g. Influenced by a high-school biology teacher, he took up the study of medicine. 在一位中学生物教师的影响下,他从事医学研究。 Collocations: impact against 撞到······上 impact on 对······的影响 have an impact on 对······有影响 profound/far-reaching impact 深远的影响 11. wage vt. begin and carry on (a war, campaign, etc.) 发起，进行（战争、运动等） e.g. The city is waging a campaign against smoking. 这座城市正在开展一场戒烟运动。 wage a war / campaign on / against 发动支持/反对······的战争/运动 12. massive 1）very large in amount or number 大量的，大规模的 e.g. I've got a massive amount of work to do. 我有许多工作要做。 Without a massive increase in new money, the company will suffer a problem of finances. 如果没有新的巨额追加资金，公司就会面临财政问题。 2) large in size, heavy 大的，大而重的，大块的 e.g. A massive truck has just parked outside the house. 一辆巨型卡车停在了门外。 mass 团，块。-ive 形容词后缀 13. convert v. 1). change one’s belief, attitude, etc. （使）改变（信仰或态度等） e.g. He honestly converted to Christianity. 他真诚地改信了基督教。 My daughter has converted me to pop music. 我女儿使我喜欢上了流行音乐。 2). change sth. from one form or use to another 改变，转变 e.g.This seat converts easily into a bed. 这个座位可以很容易地变成一张床。 They converted their money from pounds into dollars. 他们把英镑兑换成了美元。 conversion n. 变换, 转化 converse n. 相反的事物，倒，逆行; a.相反的, 颠倒的 Collocations: convert sth to/into sth 使······变为 convert sb to sth 使某人改变信仰 ② key phrases 1． Majority of: the larger number or amount; most 大多数，大部分 e.g. The majority of doctors agree that smoking is very harmful to health. 大多数医生认为吸烟对健康极其有害。 大部分学生觉得靠他们得到的那点钱生活很困难

The majority of students find it quite hard to live on the amount of money 反义 minority of 2.concern with:be busy with;interest oneself in忙于，从事，关心 e.g.I didn’tconcern myselfwith political matters.我过去不关心政治。 好的医生应该随时关心病人的健康。 A good doctor should always himselfwith the health of his patients 3. rega into不厦，不管 e.g.He we regardless ofmy feelings on the matter 他不顶我对这事的感觉如何，继续说了下去。 They built the Palace regardless of cost.他们不计开销建造了这个宫殿。 他不顾危险地爬上了高塔。Regardless of the danger,he climbed the tower with/i regard to- regards-regarding关于：至于就 而论 spring up:appear,develop,grow,etc.quickly or suddenly 速 的出现 发生，长出 c.g.New houses were springing up all over the town.新房屋在全镇拔地而起。 近两年来涌现出上千家新企业。 ands of new busin sses have sprung up in the past two years. 5. asa result of:because of因为 e.gThe flight was delayed as of fog.航班因雾而误点 由于多年管理不善，这家银行日益衰落。 The bank has been declining as a result of years of bad management. as a result所以 6 aim at:intend ortry todo意欲或试图做 e.g.We m 1ngrad 我们必须努力增加贸易额 她希望在下一次运动会上能赢得一枚金牌。 She is aiming at winning a gold medal at the next sports meeting 7.agree to:say“yes”to(an idea,.opinion,suggestion ete).同意，允诺，赞成 e-g.Is he o 段我们的议吗？ 球员同意和我们供乐部签订 一个为期 :年 的合同 The famous footballer agree to a three-year contract with our club. agree with sb.赞成某人的意见： agree on sth.对.意见一致 8.lead to:have sth.as its result导致 This mistake as fusion.这个错误使人大为困惑 忽视安全规则导致了悲剧的发生 Ignoring safety rules led to a sad accident 9.frown on::disagree;disapprove不费成，反对 e.g.smoking is frowned upon in many restaurants 在许多饭店，吸烟都会引起人们的不满 许多医生都不赞成饮食中脂肪含量过高， Many doctors frown on a diet which has a lot of fat

10 The majority of students find it quite hard to live on the amount of money they get. 反义词组：minority of 2. concern with: be busy with; interest oneself in 忙于，从事，关心 e.g. I didn’t concern myself with political matters. 我过去不关心政治。 好的医生应该随时关心病人的健康。 A good doctor should always concern himself with the health of his patients. 3. regardless of: paying no attention to 不顾，不管 e.g. He went on talking, regardless of my feelings on the matter. 他不顾我对这事的感觉如何, 继续说了下去。 They built the Palace regardless of cost. 他们不计开销建造了这个宫殿。 他不顾危险地爬上了高塔。Regardless of the danger, he climbed the tower. with/in regard to=as regards=regarding 关于；至于；就······而论 4. spring up: appear, develop, grow, etc. quickly or suddenly 迅速或突然的出现， 发生，长出 e.g. New houses were springing up all over the town. 新房屋在全镇拔地而起。 近两年来涌现出上千家新企业。 Thousands of new businesses have sprung up in the past two years. 5. as a result of: because of 因为 e.g The flight was delayed as a result of fog. 航班因雾而误点。 由于多年管理不善，这家银行日益衰落。 The bank has been declining as a result of years of bad management. as a result 所以 6. aim at: intend or try to do 意欲或试图做 e.g. We must aim at increasing trade. 我们必须努力增加贸易额。 她希望在下一次运动会上能赢得一枚金牌。 She is aiming at winning a gold medal at the next sports meeting. 7. agree to: say “yes” to (an idea, opinion, suggestion etc.) 同意，允诺，赞成 e.g. Is he going to agree to our idea? 他会赞成我们的建议吗？ 这位著名的球员同意和我们俱乐部签订一个为期三年的合同。 The famous footballer agree to a three-year contract with our club. agree with sb. 赞成某人的意见； agree on sth. 对······意见一致 8. lead to: have sth. as its result 导致 e.g. This mistake has led to a great confusion. 这个错误使人大为困惑。 忽视安全规则导致了悲剧的发生。 Ignoring safety rules led to a sad accident. 9． frown on: disagree; disapprove 不赞成，反对 e.g. Smoking is frowned upon in many restaurants. 在许多饭店，吸烟都会引起人们的不满。 许多医生都不赞成饮食中脂肪含量过高。 Many doctors frown on a diet which has a lot of fat