清华大学：《分子生物学》（英文版）Chapter 17 Rearrangement of DNA

Chapter 17 Rearrangement of DNA 莘大

Chapter 17 Rearrangement of DNA

17.1 Introduction 17. 2 The mating pathway is triggered by pheromone-receptor interactions 7.3 The mating response activates a g protein 17. 4 Yeast can switch silent and active loci for mating type 17. 5 The MaT locus codes for regulator proteins 7.6 Silent cassettes at hMl and hmr are repressed 17.7 Unidirectional transposition is initiated by the recipient MAT locus 17. 8 Regulation of HO expression 17.9 Trypanosomes switch the VSG frequently during infection 17 10 New VSG sequences are generated by gene switching 17.11 VSG genes have an unusual structure 17. 12 The bacterial Ti plasmid causes crown gall disease in plants 17.13 T-DNA carries genes required for infection 17. 14 Transfer of T-DNa resembles bacterial conjugation 17. 15 Selection of amplified genomic sequences 17 16 Transfection introduces exogenous dna into cells 17 17 Genes can be injected into animal eggs 17. 1 8 ES cells can be incorporated into embryonic mice 17 19 Gene targeting allows genes to be replaced or knocked out 请莘大

17.1 Introduction 17.2 The mating pathway is triggered by pheromone-receptor interactions 17.3 The mating response activates a G protein 17.4 Yeast can switch silent and active loci for mating type 17.5 The MAT locus codes for regulator proteins 17.6 Silent cassettes at HML and HMR are repressed 17.7 Unidirectional transposition is initiated by the recipient MAT locus 17.8 Regulation of HO expression 17.9 Trypanosomes switch the VSG frequently during infection 17.10 New VSG sequences are generated by gene switching 17.11 VSG genes have an unusual structure 17.12 The bacterial Ti plasmid causes crown gall disease in plants 17.13 T-DNA carries genes required for infection 17.14 Transfer of T-DNA resembles bacterial conjugation 17.15 Selection of amplified genomic sequences 17.16 Transfection introduces exogenous DNA into cells 17.17 Genes can be injected into animal eggs 17.18 ES cells can be incorporated into embryonic mice 17.19 Gene targeting allows genes to be replaced or knocked out

17.Introduction Amplification refers to the production of additional copies of a chromosomal sequence, found as intrachromosomal or extrachromosomal dNa Transgenic animals are created by introducing new DNA sequences into the germline via addition to the egg 消当

Amplification refers to the production of additional copies of a chromosomal sequence, found as intrachromosomal or extrachromosomal DNA. Transgenic animals are created by introducing new DNA sequences into the germline via addition to the egg. 17.1 Introduction

17.Introduction Amplification refers to the production of additional copies of a chromosomal sequence, found as intrachromosomal or extrachromosomal dNa Transgenic animals are created by introducing new DNA sequences into the germline via addition to the egg 消当

Amplification refers to the production of additional copies of a chromosomal sequence, found as intrachromosomal or extrachromosomal DNA. Transgenic animals are created by introducing new DNA sequences into the germline via addition to the egg. 17.1 Introduction

17.2 The mating pathway is triggered by signal transduction MATa MAc ATaac elope a Mating yes yes no sporulation no n口 y已s Pheromone a factor a factor Rece ptor binds a factor b in ds a factor none Figure 17. 1 Mating type controls several activities 消当

Figure 17.1 Mating type controls several activities. 17.2 The mating pathway is triggered by signal transduction

17.2 The mating Diffusible factors hapl pathway is triggered a Surtace receptor Surface receptor by signal transduction bo recepto Figure 17. 2 The yeast life Mating cycle proceeds through haploid haploid mating of MaTa and MATa haploids to give diploid heterozygous diploids that sporulate to generate Sporulation haploid spores ■■■■■■ 消当

Figure 17.2 The yeast life cycle proceeds through mating of MATa and MATa haploids to give heterozygous diploids that sporulate to generate haploid spores. 17.2 The mating pathway is triggered by signal transduction

Mating pathway is triggered by releasing G Br 17.2 The mating Factor pathway is triggered by signal transduction GTP Ga mutants are constitutively active Figure 17. 3 Either a or a factor/receptor interaction Receptor triggers the activation of a G protein, whose bg Constitutive expression al because cell subunits transduce the cle is halted Ge mutants cannot tigger pathway signal to the next stage in the pathway Receptor GDP 消当

Figure 17.3 Either a or a factor/receptor interaction triggers the activation of a G protein, whose bg subunits transduce the signal to the next stage in the pathway. 17.2 The mating pathway is triggered by signal transduction

a-factor or o-factor 17.2 The mating pathway is triggered by STE2=a-factor recepto SCG1 STE4 STEl STE3=a-factor receptor GGβG signal transduction STE20= kinase Figure 17. 4 The same mating STE11=kina se type response is triggered by interaction of either pheromone STE= kinase with its receptor. The signal iS transmitted through a series of needed ioa cell fusion ase kinases to a transcription factor KSS1=kinase es conjugation there may be branches to some of the final functions STE12=transcription factor ↓ 消当 inhibits cln2

Figure 17.4 The same mating type response is triggered by interaction of either pheromone with its receptor. The signal is transmitted through a series of kinases to a transcription factor; there may be branches to some of the final functions. 17.2 The mating pathway is triggered by signal transduction

17.2 The mating pathway is triggered by signal transduction Mammal Yea st Extr acellular e:Mer Polypeptid Mem brane eceptor Cy colic sem- 5 com ponents ctivates inactivates SOS GAP1 ST E23(GBr) Ras ST ↓要 ST E11 C-Raf STE5 MEK D MAP kinase US3 KSS1 N dear campton 2: Y'an pointe t ef rectors an scission As Figure 26.29 Homologous proteins are found in signal transduction cascades in a wide variety of organisms 请莘大

Figure 26.29 Homologous proteins are found in signal transduction cascades in a wide variety of organisms. 17.2 The mating pathway is triggered by signal transduction

Silent cassette Active c assette Silent cassette 17.3 Yeast can switch HML MAT HMR silent and active loci for mating type Frequent Change of mating type occurs when o cassette Figure 17. 5 Changes of ↓ replaces a cassette mating type occur when F nt silent cassettes replace active Change of matin cassettes of opposite occurs when a c replaces ocas sette genotype; when transpositions occur between Rare cassettes of the same type, ■■ No change of mating the mating type remains sette of same type unaltered replaces active cassette 消当

Figure 17.5 Changes of mating type occur when silent cassettes replace active cassettes of opposite genotype; when transpositions occur between cassettes of the same type, the mating type remains unaltered. 17.3 Yeast can switch silent and active loci for mating type