麻省理工学院：《有机化学基本实验操作技巧》教学资源（讲义）No-Air Techniques Guide

escrbed imthcse materials are potentially hazardous and require a highley facilities and equip mgat, and supervision by appropriate You bear the sole res Mr shall have no orris for the content or implementation of a y of the material preseated Legal Notices 7.5. No-Air Techniques Guide Working on a vacuum manifold: ee LLP chapter 9.2 for an excellent discussion on working with air-sensitive reagents luding how to use a two-way manifold De-gassing solvents: The best way to remove water and oxygen from a solvent is to distill it over an appropriate drying agent(such as sodium). This can sometimes be a lengthy(and dangerous)task. Since we will only need a small amount of oxygen-free solvent in 5.301, it is more efficient to de-gas the solvent by purging with an inert gas, in this case N, 1) Place some activated molecular sieves in a hot round-bottomed flask, and purge with nitrogen until cooled to room temperature. Glass readily adsorbs moisture from the air, so to thoroughly oven(or flame)dry all glass The will act as sponge to pick up water dissolved in the solvent 2)When the flask has cooled, add the solvent and cap with a rubber septum. Secure the septum with copper wire. 3)Purge the solution by injecting a clean needle through the septum and placing it directly in the solvent vent the flask with another needle. you should see bubbles 4)15-20 Another method of degassing a solution is freeze-pump-thaw. The solution is frozen (using liquid nitrogen, for example), then vacuum is applied for several minutes. The vacuum line is closed, and the solvent is allowed to slowly warm to room temperature. Repeat this procedure at least two more times. Caution: Some polar solvents like water, methanol, and acetonitrile expand with freezing and can break your glassware. We won't be using this method in 5.301, but you may encounter it in the future Cannula transfer LP chapter 6.4

7.5. No-Air Techniques Guide Working on a vacuum manifold: See LLP chapter 9.2 for an excellent discussion on working with air-sensitive reagents, including how to use a two-way manifold. De-gassing solvents: The best way to remove water and oxygen from a solvent is to distill it over an appropriate drying agent (such as sodium). This can sometimes be a lengthy (and dangerous) task. Since we will only need a small amount of oxygen-free solvent in 5.301, it is more efficient to de-gas the solvent by purging with an inert gas, in this case N2. 1) Place some activated molecular sieves in a hot round-bottomed flask, and purge with nitrogen until cooled to room temperature. Glass readily adsorbs moisture from the air, so it is important to thoroughly oven (or flame) dry all glassware. The sieves will act as a sponge to pick up water dissolved in the solvent. 2) When the flask has cooled, add the solvent and cap with a rubber septum. Secure the septum with copper wire. 3) Purge the solution by injecting a clean needle through the septum and placing it directly in the solvent. Vent the flask with another needle. You should see bubbles. 4) 15–20 minutes should be sufficient. Another method of degassing a solution is "freeze-pump-thaw." The solution is frozen (using liquid nitrogen, for example), then vacuum is applied for several minutes. The vacuum line is closed, and the solvent is allowed to slowly warm to room temperature. Repeat this procedure at least two more times. Caution: Some polar solvents like water, methanol, and acetonitrile expand with freezing and can break your glassware. We won't be using this method in 5.301, but you may encounter it in the future. Cannula Transfer: See LLP chapter 6.4 53 WARNING NOTICE: The experiments described in these materials are potentially hazardous and require a high level ofsafety training, special facilities and equipment, and supervision by appropriate individuals. You bear the sole responsibility, liability, and risk for the implementation of such safety procedures and measures. MIT shall have no responsibility, liability, or risk for the content or implementation of any of the material presented. WARNING NOTICE: The experiments described in these materials are potentially hazardous and require a high level ofsafety training, special facilities and equipment, and supervision by appropriate individuals. You bear the sole responsibility, liability, and risk for the implementation of such safety procedures and measures. MIT shall have no responsibility, liability, or risk for the content or implementation of any of the material presented. WARNING NOTICE: The experiments described in these materials are potentially hazardous and require a high level ofsafety training, special facilities and equipment, and supervision by appropriate individuals. You bear the sole responsibility, liability, and risk for the implementation of such safety procedures and measures. MIT shall have no responsibility, liability, or risk for the content or implementation of any of the material presented. WARNING NOTICE: The experiments described in these materials are potentially hazardous and require a high level ofsafety training, special facilities and equipment, and supervision by appropriate individuals. You bear the sole responsibility, liability, and risk for the implementation of such safety procedures and measures. MIT shall have no responsibility, liability, or risk for the content or implementation of any of the material presented. WARNING NOTICE: The experiments described in these materials are potentially hazardous and require a high level ofsafety training, special facilities and equipment, and supervision by appropriate individuals. You bear the sole responsibility, liability, and risk for the implementation of such safety procedures and measures. MIT shall have no responsibility, liability, or risk for the content or implementation of any of the material presented. WARNING NOTICE: The experiments described in these materials are potentially hazardous and require a high level ofsafety training, special facilities and equipment, and supervision by appropriate individuals. You bear the sole responsibility, liability, and risk for the implementation of such safety procedures and measures. MIT shall have no responsibility, liability, or risk for the content or implementation of any of the material presented. WARNING NOTICE: The experiments described in these materials are potentially hazardous and require a high level ofsafety training, special facilities and equipment, and supervision by appropriate individuals. You bear the sole responsibility, liability, and risk for the implementation of such safety procedures and measures. MIT shall have no responsibility, liability, or risk for the content or implementation of any of the material presented. WARNING NOTICE: The experiments described in these materials are potentially hazardous and require a high level ofsafety training, special facilities and equipment, and supervision by appropriate individuals. You bear the sole responsibility, liability, and risk for the implementation of such safety procedures and measures. MIT shall have no responsibility, liability, or risk for the content or implementation of any of the material presented. WARNING NOTICE: The experiments described in these materials are potentially hazardous and require a high level ofsafety training, special facilities and equipment, and supervision by appropriate individuals. You bear the sole responsibility, liability, and risk for the implementation of such safety procedures and measures. MIT shall have no responsibility, liability, or risk for the content or implementation of any of the material presented. WARNING NOTICE: The experiments described in these materials are potentially hazardous and require a high level ofsafety training, special facilities and equipment, and supervision by appropriate individuals. You bear the sole responsibility, liability, and risk for the implementation of such safety procedures and measures. MIT shall have no responsibility, liability, or risk for the content or implementation of any of the material presented. WARNING NOTICE: The experiments described in these materials are potentially hazardous and require a high level ofsafety training, special facilities and equipment, and supervision by appropriate individuals. You bear the sole responsibility, liability, and risk for the implementation of such safety procedures and measures. MIT shall have no responsibility, liability, or risk for the content or implementation of any of the material presented. WARNING NOTICE: The experiments described in these materials are potentially hazardous and require a high level ofsafety training, special facilities and equipment, and supervision by appropriate individuals. You bear the sole responsibility, liability, and risk for the implementation of such safety procedures and measures. MIT shall have no responsibility, liability, or risk for the content or implementation of any of the material presented. WARNING NOTICE: The experiments described in these materials are potentially hazardous and require a high level ofsafety training, special facilities and equipment, and supervision by appropriate individuals. You bear the sole responsibility, liability, and risk for the implementation of such safety procedures and measures. MIT shall have no responsibility, liability, or risk for the content or implementation of any of the material presented. WARNING NOTICE: The experiments described in these materials are potentially hazardous and require a high level ofsafety training, special facilities and equipment, and supervision by appropriate individuals. You bear the sole responsibility, liability, and risk for the implementation of such safety procedures and measures. MIT shall have no responsibility, liability, or risk for the content or implementation of any of the material presented. WARNING NOTICE: The experiments described in these materials are potentially hazardous and require a high level ofsafety training, special facilities and equipment, and supervision by appropriate individuals. You bear the sole responsibility, liability, and risk for the implementation of such safety procedures and measures. MIT shall have no responsibility, liability, or risk for the content or implementation of any of the material presented. WARNING NOTICE: The experiments described in these materials are potentially hazardous and require a high level ofsafety training, special facilities and equipment, and supervision by appropriate individuals. You bear the sole responsibility, liability, and risk for the implementation of such safety procedures and measures. MIT shall have no responsibility, liability, or risk for the content or implementation of any of the material presented. WARNING NOTICE: The experiments described in these materials are potentially hazardous and require a high level ofsafety training, special facilities and equipment, and supervision by appropriate individuals. You bear the sole responsibility, liability, and risk for the implementation of such safety procedures and measures. MIT shall have no responsibility, liability, or risk for the content or implementation of any of the material presented. WARNING NOTICE: The experiments described in these materials are potentially hazardous and require a high level ofsafety training, special facilities and equipment, and supervision by appropriate individuals. You bear the sole responsibility, liability, and risk for the implementation of such safety procedures and measures. MIT shall have no responsibility, liability, or risk for the content or implementation of any of the material presented. WARNING NOTICE: The experiments described in these materials are potentially hazardous and require a high level ofsafety training, special facilities and equipment, and supervision by appropriate individuals. You bear the sole responsibility, liability, and risk for the implementation of such safety procedures and measures. MIT shall have no responsibility, liability, or risk for the content or implementation of any of the material presented. WARNING NOTICE: The experiments described in these materials are potentially hazardous and require a high level ofsafety training, special facilities and equipment, and supervision by appropriate individuals. You bear the sole responsibility, liability, and risk for the implementation of such safety procedures and measures. MIT shall have no responsibility, liability, or risk for the content or implementation of any of the material presented. WARNING NOTICE: The experiments described in these materials are potentially hazardous and require a high level ofsafety training, special facilities and equipment, and supervision by appropriate individuals. You bear the sole responsibility, liability, and risk for the implementation of such safety procedures and measures. MIT shall have no responsibility, liability, or risk for the content or implementation of any of the material presented. WARNING NOTICE: The experiments described in these materials are potentially hazardous and require a high level ofsafety training, special facilities and equipment, and supervision by appropriate individuals. You bear the sole responsibility, liability, and risk for the implementation of such safety procedures and measures. MIT shall have no responsibility, liability, or risk for the content or implementation of any of the material presented. WARNING NOTICE: The experiments described in these materials are potentially hazardous and require a high level ofsafety training, special facilities and equipment, and supervision by appropriate individuals. You bear the sole responsibility, liability, and risk for the implementation of such safety procedures and measures. MIT shall have no responsibility, liability, or risk for the content or implementation of any of the material presented. WARNING NOTICE: The experiments described in these materials are potentially hazardous and require a high level ofsafety training, special facilities and equipment, and supervision by appropriate individuals. You bear the sole responsibility, liability, and risk for the implementation of such safety procedures and measures. MIT shall have no responsibility, liability, or risk for the content or implementation of any of the material presented. WARNING NOTICE: The experiments described in these materials are potentially hazardous and require a high level ofsafety training, special facilities and equipment, and supervision by appropriate individuals. You bear the sole responsibility, liability, and risk for the implementation of such safety procedures and measures. MIT shall have no responsibility, liability, or risk for the content or implementation of any of the material presented. WARNING NOTICE: The experiments described in these materials are potentially hazardous and require a high level ofsafety training, special facilities and equipment, and supervision by appropriate individuals. You bear the sole responsibility, liability, and risk for the implementation of such safety procedures and measures. MIT shall have no responsibility, liability, or risk for the content or implementation of any of the material presented. WARNING NOTICE: The experiments described in these materials are potentially hazardous and require a high level ofsafety training, special facilities and equipment, and supervision by appropriate individuals. You bear the sole responsibility, liability, and risk for the implementation of such safety procedures and measures. MIT shall have no responsibility, liability, or risk for the content or implementation of any of the material presented. WARNING NOTICE: The experiments described in these materials are potentially hazardous and require a high level ofsafety training, special facilities and equipment, and supervision by appropriate individuals. You bear the sole responsibility, liability, and risk for the implementation of such safety procedures and measures. MIT shall have no responsibility, liability, or risk for the content or implementation of any of the material presented. WARNING NOTICE: The experiments described in these materials are potentially hazardous and require a high level ofsafety training, special facilities and equipment, and supervision by appropriate individuals. You bear the sole responsibility, liability, and risk for the implementation of such safety procedures and measures. MIT shall have no responsibility, liability, or risk for the content or implementation of any of the material presented. Legal Notices

Filtering a Solution: Your filtration apparatus will consist of three parts: the Schlenk flask containing the sample, the Schlenk frit, and the receiving Schlenk flask I)While the glass is still hot, grease both ends of the frit. Attach one end to the receiving flask(don't forget the stir bar! ) and cap the other end with another small flask that has a 14/20 opening. Secure with Keck clips. Evacuate the set-up. Refill with nitrogen(be careful not to suck oil from the bubbler into your manifold! ) Repeat the vac-fill cycle at least three times 2)When you are ready to filter, place both the sample flask and the receiving flask under a positive nitrogen flow. Quickly remove the small capping flask from the frit and the septum from the sample flask. Connect the two components, and invert 3)Close off the original sample flask from N,, and pull a slight vacuum on the receivin flask(make sure you have a cold trap set up on your vacuum line, to prevent any solvent vapors from destroying the expensive pump! ) You can then close off the vacuum, since filtration should occur under static vacuum 4)When the solution has been transferred, apply positive n, flow to the receiving flask and replace the frit with a rubber septum

Filtering a Solution: Your filtration apparatus will consist of three parts: the Schlenk flask containing the sample, the Schlenk frit, and the receiving Schlenk flask. 1) While the glass is still hot, grease both ends of the frit. Attach one end to the receiving flask (don't forget the stir bar!), and cap the other end with another small flask that has a 14/20 opening. Secure with Keck clips. Evacuate the set-up. Refill with nitrogen (be careful not to suck oil from the bubbler into your manifold!). Repeat the vac-fill cycle at least three times. 2) When you are ready to filter, place both the sample flask and the receiving flask under a positive nitrogen flow. Quickly remove the small capping flask from the frit and the septum from the sample flask. Connect the two components, and invert. 3) Close off the original sample flask from N2, and pull a slight vacuum on the receiving flask (make sure you have a cold trap set up on your vacuum line, to prevent any solvent vapors from destroying the expensive pump!). You can then close off the vacuum, since filtration should occur under static vacuum. 4) When the solution has been transferred, apply positive N2 flow to the receiving flask and replace the frit with a rubber septum. 54