《林业经济学》课程教学资源（PPT课件讲稿，英文版）Management and policy in a market economy

Private forests Management and policy in a market economy

Management and policy in a market economy

Private forests This chapter discusses privately owned forests and timber management in a market economy, including (1) private property rights and tenure (2) landowner objectives (3)landowner characteristics (4)markets (5)government policies impacts

This chapter discusses privately owned forests and timber management in a market economy, including : (1) private property rights and tenure (2) landowner objectives (3) landowner characteristics (4) markets (5) government policies impacts

private property rights and tenure e Various individuals firms. communities and unites of government may own forests and timbers o Different types of forest land ownership and forest landowner objectives affect how forest land will be managed

private property rights and tenure u Various individuals ,firms ,communities, and unites of government may own forests and timbers . u Different types of forest land ownership and forest landowner objectives affect how forest land will be managed

landowner objectives o Two basic economic theories utility maximization and profit maximization, have been used to test hypotheses about private forest management o Various individuals, firms communities may have theirs own forests objectives o Take the objectives and motivations of NIPF for example(table 3.1)

landowner objectives u Two basic economic theories ,utility maximization and profit maximization ,have been used to test hypotheses about private forest management . u Various individuals ,firms ,communities may have theirs own forests objectives . u Take the objectives and motivations of NIPF for example (Table 3.1)

Table 3. 1. Nonindustrial private forest landowner objectives, United States and the U.S. South Birch 1996a and b) United States U.S. South Objective %of acres % of owners of acres %of owners Timber 29 Recreation and 27 01 20 15 aesthetic Part of farm or 7 residence 31395 № er answer

landowner characteristics e Examination of the influence of landowner characteristics has focused on NiPF landowners(table 3.2). o Most studies shows that make income is the land owners goal to plant trees. o Farmers are thought to behave more as profit than utility maximizers o There are still other facts take into consideration

landowner characteristics u Examination of the influence of landowner characteristics has focused on NIPF landowners (Table 3.2). u Most studies shows that make income is the land owners’ goal to plant trees. u Farmers are thought to behave more as profit than utility maximizers. u There are still other facts take into consideration

Table.2. Influence of landowner characteristics or NIPF/forest management Characteristic General conclusion Selected citations Plantin Harvestin 里 Nyberg and Holthausen099y Income Usually Negative positive, not limited studies Dennis (1989) unanimous Alig(1986) Chapter 14 Hardie and Parks(1991) Zhang and Flick(2001) Romm et al. (1987) Greene and Blatner(1986) Royer(1987) deSteiguer(1984) Occupation as No effect Weak positive Hyberg and Holthausen(1989) farmer Binkley(1981) Boyd(1984) Dennis(1989) Romm et al. (1987) Age No effect No studies Romm et al.(1987) Zhang and Flick (2001) Education No studies Mixed Greene and Blatner(1986) Chapter 14 Dennis(1989) Binkley (1981) Boyd(1984)

markets o Markets for forest products are complex and often assumed to be imperfect for high transactions costs o Many studies on influence of market factors on private forest management (table 3.3). Landowners are hypothesized to increase both harvesting and planting when output prices Increase e Increased reforestation casts lead to reduced reforestation

markets u Markets for forest products are complex and often assumed to be imperfect for high transactions costs. u Many studies on influence of market factors on private forest management (table 3.3). u Landowners are hypothesized to increase both harvesting and planting when output prices increase . u Increased reforestation casts lead to reduced reforestation

Table 3. 3. Influence of market factors on private forest management Market factor General conclusion Selected citations Planting Harvesting Timber price Limited price More price Alig(1986) responsiveness for responsiveness than Brooks(1985) NIPF and industrial planting Lee et al.(1992) owners. not Nyberg and unanimous Holthausen (1989) Dennis (1989) Newman and Wear 1993) Royer (1987) Lee(1997 Chapter 4 Chapter 14 Boyd(1984) Binkley (1981) Reforestation cost Negative, less Mixed results Nyberg and conclusive for Holthausen (1989) industrial owners Newman and Wear (1993) R (1987) Discount rate No effect. but not Inadequate number Lee et al. (1992) unanimous of studies deSteiguer (1984) Hvb Holthausen (1989) Tract size No effect Generally no effect, Royer(1987) not unanimous Nyberg and Holthausen (1989) Greene and Blatner (1986) Dennis (1989) Romm et al.(1987) Amenity values No studies Negative Chapter 14, Lee (1997). Chapter 4

government policies impacts o Markets have theirs principal and mechanism that allocates forests management and timber harvest o Policies may do some help when market is imperfect but they do have some disadvantages and influence forest industry a lot. Some studies show their impact (table 3. 4) o Cost-share assistance directly influences planting but not harvesting 盒盘…盒盘…盒盘…盒盘…盒盘…鱼盘…鱼盘…鱼盘…、盘鱼

government policies impacts u Markets have theirs principal and mechanism that allocates forests management and timber harvest . u Policies may do some help when market is imperfect ,but they do have some disadvantages and influence forest industry a lot . Some studies show their impact (table 3.4). u Cost-share assistance directly influences planting but not harvesting