山西农业大学：《普通昆虫学》课程教学资源（PPT课件）昆虫的分类_膜翅目 Hymenoptera

膜翅目 Hymenoptera ◆Hymen-membranous ◆ptera--wing Common name:ants,bees,wasps, sawflies,ichneumon flies etc

膜翅目 Hymenoptera  Hymen—membranous  ptera—wing  Common name: ants, bees, wasps, sawflies, ichneumon flies etc

Swe

Identifying Character The winged members of this order have four membranous wings;the hind wings are smaller than the front wings and have a row of tiny hooks on their anterior margin by which the hind wing attaches to the front wing. Chewing or chewing-lapping mouthparts The ovipositor is usually well developed;may be modified into a saw,drill,or sting The antennae filiform,contain 10 or more segments

Identifying Character The winged members of this order have four membranous wings; the hind wings are smaller than the front wings and have a row of tiny hooks on their anterior margin by which the hind wing attaches to the front wing. Chewing or chewing-lapping mouthparts The ovipositor is usually well developed; may be modified into a saw, drill, or sting The antennae filiform, contain 10 or more segments

后翅钩列膜翅目， 蜂蚁细腰并胸腹； ◆捕食寄生或授粉， ◆害叶幼虫为多足

后翅钩列膜翅目， 蜂蚁细腰并胸腹； 捕食寄生或授粉， 害叶幼虫为多足

R小室 第二回脉I 腹节 前胸背板 前胸背板 Cu 肩板 肩板、 中胸盾片 中胸盾片 翅痣 Sc+ 触角 R+M 小盾片 产卵器 小盾片 后胸背板 后胸背板 单眼 并胸腹节 并胸腹片 复眼 并胸腹节 产卵器鞘 腰 腰 基节 一转节 腹节 第 二转 腿节 胫节 距 跗节 产卵器 M.Patnaude 1998

·Propodeum并胸腹节 The posterior portion of the thorax,which is actually the first abdominal segment united with the thorax. a dorsal area on thorax behind metanotum,actually the first abdominal segment,in apocritous Hymenoptera 细腰亚目原生第1腹节向前延伸，并入后胸，称为并胸腹 节，其上有1对气门 the second abdominal segment is often narrowed to form a slender waist or petiole. 细腰亚目第2腹节基部缩小，有的甚至呈细腰状，称为腹 柄 产卵器 the ovipositor is usually well developed,但着生位置 不同

 Propodeum并胸腹节 The posterior portion of the thorax, which is actually the first abdominal segment united with the thorax. a dorsal area on thorax behind metanotum, actually the first abdominal segment, in apocritous Hymenoptera 细腰亚目原生第1腹节向前延伸，并入后胸，称为并胸腹 节，其上有1对气门 the second abdominal segment is often narrowed to form a slender waist or petiole. 细腰亚目第2腹节基部缩小，有的甚至呈细腰状，称为腹 柄  产卵器 the ovipositor is usually well developed，但着生位置 不同

Biological characters Metamorphosis is complete Larvae are either caterpillar-like as in the sawflies or vermiform in the remaining species 心卵多数卵圆形或香蕉形 e一年发生1代，少数一年2代或多代 。许多种类以滞育的老熟幼虫越冬 ®内寄生性的寄生蜂以幼龄幼虫在未老熟的幼虫体内越冬 。社会性蜂类以成虫在树皮下或草丛中越冬

Biological characters Metamorphosis is complete Larvae are either caterpillar-like as in the sawflies or vermiform in the remaining species. 卵多数卵圆形或香蕉形 一年发生1代，少数一年2代或多代 许多种类以滞育的老熟幼虫越冬 内寄生性的寄生蜂以幼龄幼虫在未老熟的幼虫体内越冬 社会性蜂类以成虫在树皮下或草丛中越冬

Larvae The larvae of most of the sawflies and related forms are eruciform and differ from those of the Lepidoptera in that they have more than five pairs of prolegs that lack crochets and usually have only a single pair of ocelli. In most of the order,the larvae are maggotlike The pupae are of the exarate type

Larvae The larvae of most of the sawflies and related forms are eruciform and differ from those of the Lepidoptera in that they have more than five pairs of prolegs that lack crochets and usually have only a single pair of ocelli. In most of the order, the larvae are maggotlike The pupae are of the exarate type