中国地质大学：《构造地质学》课程PPT教学课件（英文版）extensional Faultsystem

REVIEW

REVIEW

moving slab stationary slab

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hangingwall ramp A-Ramps and flats hangingwall B- Hangingwall ramp and footwall footwall ramp footwall ramp C-? thrust sequence New thrusts develop in the footwall D-? thrust sequence New thrusts develop in the Hangingwall E- Structure of roof thrust imbricate thrust slices are contained between a floor imbricate zone floor thrust thrust and a roof thrust F-Pop-up structure frontal ramp back thrust G- Triangle zone

A - Ramps and flats B – Hangingwall ramp and footwall ramp C – ? thrust sequence New thrusts develop in the footwall D – ? thrust sequence New thrusts develop in the Hangingwall E – Structure of ?: imbricate thrust slices are contained between a floor thrust and a roof thrust F - Pop -up structure G – Triangle zone ? ? ?

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Faults(4) Extensional Fault System

Faults(4) Extensional Fault System

A Graben B Horst 图12-1地堑(A)与地垒(B)

Graben Horst

alt-graben 降起 III A 济 +o 坳 鲁西降起 E E E ∈-Oz 图12-2箕状构造 (据原石油L业部) ∧·箕状断陷构造结构:Ⅰ·断阶带;【.深凹带;■.斜坡带 B.山东济阻坳陷中的箕状断陷构造

half-graben

Listric normal fault (listric means shaped like a spoon) 7 A B 图11-27逆牵引构造(A)与反向断层(B) (据W.K. Hamblin,转引自马杏垣,1982,改绘 A-Reverse drag B- Antithetic faults

Listric Normal Fault (‘listric means shaped like a spoon’) A –Reverse drag B- Antithetic faults

Faulting above injection of igneous dikes 掀斜止断层 开口裂隙 重叠区 岩墙侵入 图12-5垂向上岩墙群发育伸展变形 (据 Helgason等,1985)

Faulting above injection of igneous dikes

Extension by igneous dikes at depth, normal faults in the upper crust. 2 图12-8伸展区地壳结构剖面 马杏坦,1982,据G.P. Eaton,1980,修改) 1.断块状地表岩层;2.韧性中间层 3下地壳层;4岩石圈地幔

Extension by igneous dikes at depth, normal faults in the upper crust