中国科学技术大学：《操作系统原理与设计 Operating System》课程教学资源（PPT课件讲稿）01 OS overview

Outl ine What is 0S? 操作系统的定义和目标 Roles of operating system 操作系统的层次模型 History of Operating Systems 操作系统的发展动力 19451955,无操作系统 19551965,批处理系统 19651980,引入分时 1980 present,PC时代，百花齐放 1990 present,移动计算时代 其他操作系统 Personal-Computer Systems Parallel Systems Distributed Systems Embedded System 实验和小结 4口4回，4在4色要刀QC

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Outline What is OS? 操作系统的定义和目标 Roles of operating system 操作系统的层次模型 History of Operating Systems 操作系统的发展动力 1945~1955, 无操作系统 1955~1965，批处理系统 1965~1980，引入分时 1980~present，PC时代，百花齐放 1990~present，移动计算时代 其他操作系统 Personal-Computer Systems Parallel Systems Distributed Systems Embedded System 实验和小结

What is OS? What is operating system(操作系统，OS)? What operating system do? An operating system acts as an intermediary between the user of a computer and the computer hardware.The purpose of an operating system is to provide an environment in which a user can execute programs in a convenient and efficient manner. An operating system is software that manages the computer hardware. (From 9th edition). 4口4回，4在4色重刀QC

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . What is OS? ▶ What is operating system(操作系统, OS)? ▶ What operating system do? An operating system acts as an intermediary between the user of a computer and the computer hardware. The purpose of an operating system is to provide an environment in which a user can execute programs in a convenient and efficient manner. An operating system is software that manages the computer hardware. (From 9th edition)

What is 0S? The role of operating system User view:different user has different opinion. easy of use?performance?resource utilization?battery life? user of pc?mainframe or minicomputer?workstations and servers connected via networks? System view:a resource allocator;a control problem. 4口4包，4在14色，至)QC

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . What is OS? ▶ The role of operating system ▶ User view: different user has different opinion. ▶ easy of use? performance? resource utilization? battery life? ▶ user of pc? mainframe or minicomputer? workstations and servers connected via networks? ▶ System view: a resource allocator; a control problem

Outl ine What is 0S? 操作系统的定义和目标 Roles of operating system 標作系统的层次模型 History of Operating Systems 振作系统的发展动力 19451955,无操作系线 19551965.批处理系线 19651980,引入分时 1980 present,PG时代，百花齐放 1990 present,移动计死时代 共他操作系统 Personal-Computer Systems Paral lel Systems Distributed Systems Embedded System 尖验和小结 4口4回，4在4色要刀QC

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Outline What is OS? 操作系统的定义和目标 Roles of operating system 操作系统的层次模型 History of Operating Systems 操作系统的发展动力 1945~1955, 无操作系统 1955~1965，批处理系统 1965~1980，引入分时 1980~present，PC时代，百花齐放 1990~present，移动计算时代 其他操作系统 Personal-Computer Systems Parallel Systems Distributed Systems Embedded System 实验和小结

Components of Computer System:viewpoint 1 Viewpoint 1:Computer system hardware software (+data) Operating System is the first software layer on the phsical hardwares,and can be viewed as the first expansion of computer hardware system. All applications running in the OSes,more or less, directly or indirectly,call the OS functions.For example,the simplest program“hel lowor Id”. Other programs and users Operating system Hardware 4口4日，4在4生：至)QC

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Components of Computer System: viewpoint 1 Viewpoint 1: Computer system = hardware + software (+data) ▶ Operating System is the first software layer on the phsical hardwares, and can be viewed as the first expansion of computer hardware system. ▶ All applications running in the OSes, more or less, directly or indirectly, call the OS functions. For example, the simplest program “helloworld”. Hardware Operating system Other programs and users

Components of Computer System:viewpoint 2 user user user user 1 2 3 assembler text editor database system system and application programs operating system computer hardaare Viewpoint 2:Computer system hardware os applications users 4口4包，4在4·在)QC

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Components of Computer System: viewpoint 2 system and application programs user 1 user 2 user 3 · · · user 4 compiler assembler text editor · · · database system operating system computer hardware Viewpoint 2: Computer system = hardware + os + applications + users

Problems: What is the hardware of a computer system? How a computer system up and running? How a progr am up and running? 1口4回，4在4生·EQC

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Problems: What is the hardware of a computer system? How a computer system up and running? How a program up and running?

A modern computer system mouse keyboard printer monitor disks CPU disk USB controller graphics controller adapter memory 4口4包，4在14色，至)QC

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A modern computer system

Problem: What are the operating systems that you know? Windows series.Unix series.SUN Sor laris.FreeBSD.Apple Mac OS.Linux series,... A variety of real-time,non-real-time.embedded OSes uC/0S-11,RTEMS,VxWorks.ONX,PalmoS,i0S,... 各种同络操作系统、分布式操作系统、朵屏操作系统、并行操帽 茶玩 各种研究型振作系统，等等 1口4日，4在4生E)QC

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Problem: What are the operating systems that you know? ▶ Windows series, Unix series, SUN Sorlaris, FreeBSD, Apple Mac OS, Linux series, ... ▶ A variety of real-time, non-real-time, embedded OSes ▶ µC/OS-II, RTEMS, VxWorks, QNX, PalmOS, iOS, ... ▶ 各种网络操作系统、分布式操作系统、集群操作系统、并行操作 系统 ▶ 各种研究型操作系统，等等

Problem: What are the operating systems that you know? Windows series,Unix series,SUN Sor laris,FreeBSD,Apple Mac OS,Linux series,··· A variety of real-time,non-real-time,embedded OSes uC/OS-II,RTEMS,VxWorks,QNX,PalmOS,iOS,.. ·各种网络操作系统、分布式操作系统、集群操作系统、并行操作 系统 ●各种研究型操作系统，等等 4口4回，4在4色要刀QC

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Problem: What are the operating systems that you know? ▶ Windows series, Unix series, SUN Sorlaris, FreeBSD, Apple Mac OS, Linux series, ... ▶ A variety of real-time, non-real-time, embedded OSes ▶ µC/OS-II, RTEMS, VxWorks, QNX, PalmOS, iOS, ... ▶ 各种网络操作系统、分布式操作系统、集群操作系统、并行操作 系统 ▶ 各种研究型操作系统，等等