西安建筑科技大学：《工程热力学 Engineering Thermodynamics》课程双语教学资源（PPT课件讲稿）第九章 动力循环 Vapor Power Cycle

Chapter 9 Vapor Power Cycle 蒸汽动力循环 a 9.1 Basic Power Cycle using Water Vapor--- Rankine cycle (基本蒸汽动力循环-朗肯循环) 口92 The Diesel cycle(狄塞尔循环 口93燃气轮机装置循环

Chapter 9 Vapor Power Cycle 蒸汽动力循环  9.1 Basic Power Cycle using Water Vapor--- Rankine Cycle (基本蒸汽动力循环---朗肯循环)  9.2 The Diesel Cycle (狄塞尔循环)  9.3 燃气轮机装置循环

水蒸气:火力发电、核电 低沸点工质:氨、氟里昂 太阳能、余热、地热发电 动力循环:以获得功为目的

水蒸气：火力发电、核电 低沸点工质：氨、氟里昂 太阳能、余热、地热发电 动力循环：以获得功为目的

在温限1234 门卡诺最大 朗肯循环的提出与卡诺循环 等温吸热4?难实现 对比5678 由于温差小,所以 1效率不会很高,且乏汽 干度过小 5 诺≤们朗肯 ●Wnt卡<形+胆古 对比9-10-11-12 3812 1172 11点x太小,不利于汽 机强度; ·12-9两相区难压缩; S●wnet卡诺

朗肯循环的提出与卡诺循环 s T 6 4 2 4' 1 9 10 8 7 5 3 • 卡诺最大； ⚫ 等温吸热4’1难实现 •11点x太小,不利于汽 机强度； • 12-9两相区难压缩； • wnet卡诺小 • 由于温差小，所以 效率不会很高，且乏汽 干度过小， 卡诺< 朗肯； ⚫ went卡诺< wnet 朗肯 12 11 在温限1234’ 对比5678 对比9-10-11-12

510-1 Basic Power Cycle using Water Vapor- Rankine cycle 基本蒸汽动力循环--朗肯循环 1水蒸气动力循环系统 汽轮机四个主要装置: 锅炉 锅 炉 汽轮机 发电机凝汽器 给水泵 凝汽器 给水泵

四个主要装置： 锅炉 汽轮机 凝汽器 给水泵 §10-1 Basic Power Cycle using Water Vapor￾Rankine Cycle 基本蒸汽动力循环---朗肯循环 1.水蒸气动力循环系统 锅 炉 汽轮机 发电机 给水泵 凝汽器

简化(理想化): 1→2汽轮机Q膨胀 1/汽轮机2-3凝汽器@放热 3→4给水泵的缩 锅炉 4→1锅炉⑦吸热 发电机 W 凝汽器 Q2 T2 3 给水泵 「葫肯循环

锅 炉 汽轮机 发电机 给水泵 凝汽器 朗肯循环 1 2 3 4 简化（理想化）： 1→2 汽轮机 s 膨胀 2→3 凝汽器 p 放热 3→4 给水泵 s 压缩 4→1 锅炉 p 吸热

RANKINE CYCLE STEAM POWER PLANT CYCLE Ts Diagram BOILER SUPERHEATER b TURBINE PUMP CONDENSER Entropy, k/(kg K

RANKINE CYCLE

RANKINE CYCLE D 1-2 Saturated or superheated steam enters the turbine at state 1 where it expands isentropically to the exit pressure at state 2 D 2-3 The steam is then condensed at constant pressure and temperature to a saturated liquid, state 3. The heat removed from the steam in the condenser is typically transferred to the cooling water. d 3->4 The saturated liquid then flows through the pump which increases the pressure to the boiler pressure (state 4). d 4-1 the water is first heated to the saturation temperature boiled and typically superheated to state 1 then the whole cycle is repeated

RANKINE CYCLE  1→2 Saturated or superheated steam enters the turbine at state 1, where it expands isentropically to the exit pressure at state 2.  2→3 The steam is then condensed at constant pressure and temperature to a saturated liquid, state 3.The heat removed from the steam in the condenser is typically transferred to the cooling water.  3→4 The saturated liquid then flows through the pump which increases the pressure to the boiler pressure (state 4).  4→1 the water is first heated to the saturation temperature, boiled and typically superheated to state 1. Then the whole cycle is repeated

(1)朗肯循环p-图 P 1∽2汽轮机(膨胀 2→3凝汽器⑦放热 3-4给水泵压缩 4-→1锅炉⑦吸热 3

1 3 4 2 p v (1)朗肯循环p-v图 1→2 汽轮机 s 膨胀 2→3 凝汽器 p 放热 3→4 给水泵 s 压缩 4→1 锅炉 p 吸热

(2)朗肯循环T-s和h-s图 Ⅰ→2汽轮机()膨胀 2→3凝汽器(放热 3→)4给水泵(s)压缩 4→1锅炉@吸热 2

4 3 2 1 T s h s 1 3 4 2 (2) 朗肯循环T-s和h-s图 1→2 汽轮机 s 膨胀 2→3 凝汽器 p 放热 3→4 给水泵 s 压缩 4→1 锅炉 p 吸热

2.朗肯循环功和热的计算 汽轮机作功:w2=h-h2 凝汽器中的定压放热量: q2=h2-h2 水泵绝热压缩耗功: 3-4 h,=h 2 锅炉中的定压吸热量: 1=h1-h

h s 1 3 4 2 2. 朗肯循环功和热的计算 汽轮机作功： ws,1−2 = h1 − h2 凝汽器中的定压放热量： q2 = h2 − h3 水泵绝热压缩耗功： ,3 4 4 3 w h h s − = − 锅炉中的定压吸热量： q1 = h1 − h4