上海交通大学：《材料与文明》课程教学资源（课件讲义）4. Metallic Materials_SMA

上游充通大睾 SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY 1896 1935 987 2006 材料与文明 赵冰冰 材料科学与工程学院 2015

材料科学与工程学院 School of Materials Science and Engineering 1896 1935 1987 2006 材料与文明 赵冰冰 材料科学与工程学院 2015

新材料的发现勾勒了人类历史的进展并打造 了人类文明的演化过程 Techrvelogicel ran mon-19So A 350 石器时代 青铜器时代 铁器时代 技术时代 30。 250 indystric mdn-687s Ab 200 Develcped former- r50 Primitive 140OAb cr” Hunter Primniiive 100.cco BC 100,C008x dusd sho 材料科学与工程学院 2 School of Materials Science and Engineering

材料科学与工程学院 School of Materials Science and Engineering 2 石器时代 青铜器时代 铁器时代 技术时代 新材料的发现勾勒了人类历史的进展并打造 了人类文明的演化过程

图 Georgiallnsmre ofTechnelogy The evolution of structural materials 105 Strength-Density Early history 3000 BC 10 Ceramics and glasses Metals 103 Antier Bone Leather lI to gran Ash 102 Shell Gold The first king:Menes Natural materials Stone 10 Pine Pottery ⊥to grain 0.1 0.01 0.01 0.1 10 100 Density,p (Mg/m3) 材料科学与工程学院 3 School of Materials Science and Engineering

材料科学与工程学院 School of Materials Science and Engineering 3

图 Georgialnsuitute ⊙Technolosy The evolution of structural materials 10 Strength-Density 50 BC 104 Ceramics Metals and glasses 103 Wrought Bronze Leather /to grain Bone Shell Gold 102 Natural materials Julius Caesar B频 Stone 10 Copper Brick Tin to grain Concrete Cork 0.1 0.0 0.01 0.1 10 100 Density.p (Mg/m3) 材料科学与工程学院 4 School of Materials Science and Engineering

材料科学与工程学院 School of Materials Science and Engineering 4

图 Georgia山utute ofTechnology The evolution of structural materials 105 Strength-Density 1900AD 104 Ceramics Steeis Metals and glasses 103 Bronze Polymers Leather Wto gran Gold 102 Natural materials F William McKinley 1897-1901 10 Stone Copper Zinc Tin Lead Pottery I togran Concrete 0.1- 0.01 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 Density.p (Mg/m3) 材料科学与工程学院 5 School of Materials Science and Engineering

材料科学与工程学院 School of Materials Science and Engineering 5

周 Georgialnsutu。 ofTechnelegy The evolution of structural materials 105 Strength-Density Ceramics Present day Metals 104 Composites 103 CFRP Polymers and elastomers Mg G Natural Cu allore 102 Sllver materials 10 Zne aloys 时3 Foams 0.1 接 0.01 0.01 0.1 10 100 Density,p (Mg/m3) 10 材料科学与工程学院 6 School of Materials Science and Engineering

材料科学与工程学院 School of Materials Science and Engineering 6

Y0、S含量超标 一>钢铁变脆！ TRanle Hrslorcal Society.Inc School of Materials Science and Engineering

材料科学与工程学院 School of Materials Science and Engineering P、O、S含量超标 —>钢铁变脆! 7

高强 耐火 耐热 材料科学与工程学院 8 School of Materials Science and Engineering

材料科学与工程学院 School of Materials Science and Engineering 耐火 高强 耐热 8

300 from K.Lu,The Future of Metals, Science,vol.328,2010,p.319 250- 200- Steels 150 100 Ni alloys Ti alloys Cu alloys Engineering 50- polymeric composites Al attoys Polymers Mo alloys Carbon fibers 0 Ceramics 0 100 200 300 400 1000 2000 Strength-to-weight ratio (MPa cm3 g-1) 材料科学与工程学院 9 School of Materials Science and Engineering

材料科学与工程学院 School of Materials Science and Engineering from K. Lu, The Future of Metals, Science, vol.328, 2010, p.319 9

图 气凝胶 2.5kg 2g 材料科学与工程学院 10 School of Materials Science and Engineering

材料科学与工程学院 School of Materials Science and Engineering 气凝胶 10 2.5 kg 2g