《JAVA OOP开发》英文版 Introduction to Computers and Programming Languages

Chapter o Introduction to Computers and Programming Languages 2000 McGraw-Hl‖ Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming with Java-Wu Chapter 0-1

© 2000 McGraw-Hill Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming with Java--Wu Chapter 0 - 1 Chapter 0 Introduction to Computers and Programming Languages

Chapter 0 objectives r After, you have read and studied this chapter, you should be able to e State briefly a history of computers e Name and describe four major components of the computer. e Convert binary numbers to decimal numbers and vice versa e State the difference between the low-level and high-level programming languages. C 2000 McGraw-Hill Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming with Java--Wu Chapter 0-2

© 2000 McGraw-Hill Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming with Java--Wu Chapter 0 - 2 Chapter 0 Objectives After you have read and studied this chapter, you should be able to State briefly a history of computers. Name and describe four major components of the computer. Convert binary numbers to decimal numbers and vice versa. State the difference between the low-level and high-level programming languages

A History of Computers Charles babbage is credited as the father of computer. Although never actually built, he proposed the computing machines called Difference Engine and Analytical Engine that possessed the core characteristics of todays computers Ada lovelace, who wrote demonstration programs for analytica Engine, is credited as the first programmer. The first modern computer was built by atanasoff of Iowa State University in the late 1930s An electromechanical computer maRK i was built by howard Aiken of harvard The first completely electronic computer ENIAC I was built by Mauchly and Eckert of the University of Pennsylvania C 2000 McGraw-Hill Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming with Java--Wu Chapter 0-3

© 2000 McGraw-Hill Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming with Java--Wu Chapter 0 - 3 A History of Computers Charles Babbage is credited as the father of computer. Although never actually built, he proposed the computing machines called Difference Engine and Analytical Engine that possessed the core characteristics of today’s computers. Ada Lovelace, who wrote demonstration programs for Analytical Engine, is credited as the first programmer. The first modern computer was built by Atanasoff of Iowa State University in the late 1930s. An electromechanical computer MARK I was built by Howard Aiken of Harvard. The first completely electronic computer ENIAC I was built by Mauchly and Eckert of the University of Pennsylvania

Computer Architecture Output Devices RAM Commu- nication CPU Devices Storage Devices Input Devices C 2000 McGraw-Hill troduction to Object-Oriented Programming with Java--Wu Chapter 0-4

© 2000 McGraw-Hill Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming with Java--Wu Chapter 0 - 4 Computer Architecture CPU Output Devices Commu￾nication Devices Input Devices RAM Storage Devices

Progress of CPU Speed Date Clock Speed 404 CPU () 1970s 04/174 061门79 8028 1980s80386SX 06/1688 80486DX 04/10/389 Pentium Pro 11/01/95 1990s Pentium ii 050797 300 Pentium ii 06/29098 400 Pentium iii 10/2599 733 For more information on Intel cPus you can visit Intel Museum or Quick Reference Chart C 2000 McGraw-Hill Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming with Java--Wu Chapter 0-5

© 2000 McGraw-Hill Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming with Java--Wu Chapter 0 - 5 Progress of CPU Speed For more information on Intel CPUs, you can visit Intel Museum or Quick Reference Chart

Decimal Number Representation How the decimal ●●● number is represented. 10110 10-110-210 ues Example 1011 10 2×102+4×101+8×10+7×10 2×100+4×10+8×1+7×1/10 =200 40 8 +7/10=2487 C 2000 McGraw-Hill troduction to Object-Oriented Programming with Java--Wu Chapter 0-6

© 2000 McGraw-Hill Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming with Java--Wu Chapter 0 - 6 Decimal Number Representation decimal point 101 102 1 03 104 1 00 10−1 10−2 1 0−3 Position Values How the decimal number is represented. 1 01 1 02 100 1 0−1 2 4 8 7 = 2  102 + 4  101 + 8  100 + 7  10−1 = 2  100 + 4  10 + 8  1 + 7  1/10 = 200 + 40 + 8 + 7 /10 = 248.7 Example:

Binary Number representation binary How the binary number IS represented 24232 2 22 Position values Q Example: 2 2 2 1×22+0×21+1×20+1×2 1×4+0×2+1×1+1×1/2 4 +0 +1/2 5.5 C 2000 McGraw-Hill Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming with Java--Wu Chapter 0-7

© 2000 McGraw-Hill Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming with Java--Wu Chapter 0 - 7 Binary Number Representation binary point 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 0 2 −1 2 −2 2 −3 Position Values How the binary number is represented. = 1  22 + 0  21 + 1  20 + 1  2−1 = 1  4 + 0  2 + 1  1 + 1  1/2 = 4 + 0 + 1 + 1/2 = 5.5 2 1 2 2 2 0 2 −1 1 0 1 1 Example:

Programming Languages r Three levels of programming languages. o Machine Languages a Machine language instructions are binary coded and very low level o Assembly Languages Assembly language allows symbolic programming Requires an assembler to translate assembly programs into machine programs High-level Languages High-level language provides a very high conceptual model of computing. Requires a compiler to translate high-level pograms into assembly programs. C 2000 McGraw-Hill Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming with Java--Wu Chapter 0-8

© 2000 McGraw-Hill Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming with Java--Wu Chapter 0 - 8 Programming Languages Three levels of programming languages: Machine Languages Machine language instructions are binary coded and very low level. Assembly Languages Assembly language allows symbolic programming. Requires an assembler to translate assembly programs into machine programs. High-level Languages High-level language provides a very high conceptual model of computing. Requires a compiler to translate high-level pograms into assembly programs

Java r Java is a high-level object-oriented language developed by Sun Microsystems r Two types of Java programs: e An applet runs within a web browser An application is a complete stand-alone program that does not require a web browser. r Java's clean design and wide availability make it an ideal language for teaching the fundamentals of computer programming. C 2000 McGraw-Hill troduction to Object-Oriented Programming with Java--Wu Chapter 0-9

© 2000 McGraw-Hill Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming with Java--Wu Chapter 0 - 9 Java Java is a high-level object-oriented language developed by Sun Microsystems. Two types of Java programs: An applet runs within a web browser An application is a complete stand-alone program that does not require a web browser. Java’s clean design and wide availability make it an ideal language for teaching the fundamentals of computer programming