华南师范大学：《有机化学》课程PPT教学课件（双语版）Chapter 1 Carbon compounds and chemical bonds

Organic Chemistry Chapter 1 Carbon Compounds and Chemical B onas 1.1 Introduction Organic chemistry is the study of the compounds of carbon heat NHA NCO HoNCONH Ammonium cyanate Urea 1.3 The structural theory of organic chemistry

Organic Chemistry Chapter 1 Carbon Compounds and Chemical Bonds 1.1 Introduction Organic chemistry is the study of the compounds of carbon 1.3 The structural theory of organic chemistry NH4 + NCO - heat H2 NCONH2 Ammonium cyanate Urea

1.3 The Structural theory of organic chemistry 1. Carbon is tetravalent 2. A carbon can use one or more of its valences to form bonds to other carbon atoms Single bond Double bond Triple bond

1.3 The Structural theory of organic chemistry 1. Carbon is tetravalent 2. A carbon can use one or more of its valences to form bonds to other carbon atoms C Single bond C C Double bond C C Triple bond

H -H H Methane Ethene Ethyne CH4 H=CH HC-CH Formula C2H.O HH H H—C HH H H CH3CH2OH CH2OCH Ethyl alcohol Dimethyl Ether Ethanol

H H H H H H H H H H Methane Ethene Ethyne CH4 CH2 =CH2 HC CH H H C H C H H O H H H C H O H H H CH3CH2OH CH3OCH3 Ethyl alcohol Dimethyl Ether Ethanol Formula C2H6O

Properties of ethyl alcohol and dimethyl ether CH3CH2OH CH3OCH3 boiling point oC 78.5 24.9 Melting point C 1173 138 Na(Sodium) Displaces Hydrogen No Reaction The different compounds that have the same molecular formula is called isomers This phenomenon IS called Isomerism

Properties of ethyl alcohol and dimethyl ether CH3CH2OH CH3OCH3 Boiling Point 0C 78.5 -24.9 Melting point 0C –117.3 -138 Na (Sodium) Displaces Hydrogen No Reaction The different compounds that have the same molecular formula is called isomers. This phenomenon is called isomerism

When ethyl alcohol reacts with sodium CHCHOH Na CH3 CHONa H2 CH?OCH3 na No Reaction This is just the way water reacts with sodium H-O-H Na -----NaoH H2 Constitutional isomers are different compounds that have the same molecular formula, but differ in their connectivity. that is, in the sequence in which their atoms are bonded together

When ethyl alcohol reacts with sodium CH3 CH2 OH + Na CH3 CH2 ONa + H2 CH3 OCH3 + Na NO Reaction This is just the way water reacts with sodium H-O-H + Na -----NaOH + H2 Constitutional isomers are different compounds that have the same molecular formula, but differ in their connectivity, that is, in the sequence in which their atoms are bonded together

The tetrahedral structure of methane CH4 ------the tetrahedral shape of methane 10928 H—C—H CH4 HIIIIIIC H a regular tetrahedron

The tetrahedral structure of methane CH4 --------the tetrahedral shape of methane H H C H H H C H H H a regular tetrahedron 109 28' 0 CH4

The structural of Ethane CH3 CH3 H—C—C—HH H H CH2CH " H H Condensed structural three-dimensional

The structural of Ethane CH3CH3 H H C C H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H CH3 CH3 Conden three-dimensional sed structural

1.20 Representation of structural formulas 1.20A Dash structural formulas Af toms joined by single bonds can rotate relatively eely with respect to one another H C 0 H C Propyl alcohol Dash structural formulas of propyl alcohol

1.20 Representation of structural formulas 1.20A Dash structural formulas Atoms joined by single bonds can rotate relatively freely with respect to one another C C C O H C C C O H C C C O H Propyl alcohol Dash structural formulas of propyl alcohol

1. Dash structural formulas of propyl alcohol H H H0 H H HH H HH 2. Dash structural formulas of isopropyl alcohol H H HH H o|

H H H H H O H H H H O H H H H H H H H H H H H H O H H 1. Dash structural formulas of propyl alcohol 2. Dash structural formulas of isopropyl alcohol H H H O H H H H H H H H H O H H H H H H H H O H H H H

1. Dash structural formulas of propyl alcohol 2. Condensed structural formulas H H H CH3 CHCH2OH 1. Dash structural formulas of isopropyl alcohol 2. Condensed structural formulas H0 H H H CH3CHOHCH3 or CH3 CHCH HH H (CH3hCHOH

H H H H H O H H H 1. Dash structural formulas of propyl alcohol 1. Dash structural formulas of isopropyl alcohol H H H O H H H H H 2. Condensed structural formulas CH3CH2CH2OH 2. Condensed structural formulas CH3CHOHCH3 or CH3CHCH3 (CH OH 3 ) 2CHOH