上海外国语大学：《英语专业语法》Lecture 10 Verb Voices

Lecture 10: Verb Voices ■语态有两种:主动语态( Active Voice)和被动语态( Passive voice 主语是动作的发出者为主动语态;主语是动作的接受者为被动 语态。 ■注意: 1)若宾语补足语是不带to的不定式,变为被动语态时,该不定 式前要加“to。此类动词为使役动词或感官动词 a feel, hear. help listen to. look at, make, observe, see, notice, watch 等 The teacher made me go out of the classroom I was made to go out of the classroom(by the teacher) We saw him play football on the playground He was seen to play football on the playground ■2)情态动词+be+过去分词,也可构成被动语态。如: a Coal can be used to produce electricity for agriculture and industry

Lecture 10: Verb Voices ◼ 语态有两种：主动语态(Active Voice)和被动语态(Passive Voice)。 ◼ 主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者为被动 语态。 ◼ 注意： ◼ 1）若宾语补足语是不带to 的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定 式前要加“to”。此类动词为使役动词或感官动词。 ◼ feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, make, observe, see, notice, watch 等。 ◼ The teacher made me go out of the classroom. ◼ --> I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher). ◼ We saw him play football on the playground. ◼ --> He was seen to play football on the playground. ◼ 2）情态动词+ be +过去分词，也可构成被动语态。如： ◼ Coal can be used to produce electricity for agriculture and industry

注意 1表示“据说”或“相信”的词组: believe, consider, declare, expect, feel, report, say, see, suppose, think, understand It is said that 据说 It is reported that..据报道 It is believed that..大家相信 It is hoped that..大家希望 It is well known that..众所周知 It is thought that..大家认为 It is suggested that..据建议 It is taken granted that.被视为当然 It has been decided that..大家决定 It must be remembered that.务必记住的是 It is said that she will leave for Wuhan on tuesday

◼ 注意： ◼ 1 表示“据说”或“相信” 的词组：believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understand ◼ It is said that… 据说 ◼ It is reported that… 据报道 ◼ It is believed that… 大家相信 ◼ It is hoped that… 大家希望 ◼ It is well known that… 众所周知 ◼ It is thought that… 大家认为 ◼ It is suggested that… 据建议 ◼ It is taken granted that… 被视为当然 ◼ It has been decided that… 大家决定 ◼ It must be remembered that…务必记住的是 ◼ It is said that she will leave for Wuhan on Tuesday

2不用被动语态的情况 1)不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态: appear, die disappear,end come true, fall seep, keep silence, lose heart, take place x reak out (ⅵ.结束), fail, happen,las,ie, remain,sit, spread, stand, After the fire. very little remained of my house ■要想正确地使用被动语态,就须注意哪些动词是及物的,哪些 是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。 ■2)不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语:fit,have,hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at /in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into belong to This key just fits the lock Your story agrees with what had already been heard

◼ 2 不用被动语态的情况 ◼ 1) 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态： appear, die disappear, end (vi. 结束), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand , break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place 等。 ◼ After the fire, very little remained of my house. ◼ 要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些 是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。 ◼ 2) 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语： fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to ◼ This key just fits the lock. ◼ Your story agrees with what had already been heard

■3)系动词无被动语态: appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste turn It sounds good ■4)带同源宾语的及物动词,不能用于被动语态:die, death: dream: live. life She dreamed a bad dream last night 5)当宾语是不定式时,很少用于被动语态 (对) She likes to swim ■(错) To swim is liked by her

◼ 3) 系动词无被动语态：appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn ◼ It sounds good. ◼ 4) 带同源宾语的及物动词，不能用于被动语态：die, death； dream； live, life ◼ She dreamed a bad dream last night. ◼ 5) 当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。 ◼ (对) She likes to swim. ◼ (错) To swim is liked by her

■3主动形式表示被动意义 )wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel draw. write sell. drive The book sells wel!.这本书销路好 his knife cuts easily.这刀子很好用 2) blame,let(出租), remain,kep,rent, build I was to blame for the accident ■ Much work remains 3)特殊结构,如: make sb. heard/ understood(使别人能 听见/理解自己), have sth.done(要某人做某事)

◼ 3 主动形式表示被动意义 ◼ 1)wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell, drive… ◼ The book sells well. 这本书销路好。 ◼ This knife cuts easily. 这刀子很好用。 ◼ 2)blame, let(出租), remain, keep, rent, build ◼ I was to blame for the accident. ◼ Much work remains. ◼ 3) 特殊结构，如：make sb. heard / understood (使别人能 听见/理解自己)，have sth. done ( 要某人做某事)

4被动形式表示主动意义 tn: be determined, be pleased, be graduated(from), be finished, be prepared(for), be occupied (in), get marries I am determined to carry out this plan thoroughly He is graduated from a famous university他毕业于一所有 名的大学

◼ 4 被动形式表示主动意义 ◼ 如：be determined, be pleased, be graduated (from), be finished, be prepared (for), be occupied (in), get marries ◼ I am determined to carry out this plan thoroughly. ◼ He is graduated from a famous university.他毕业于一所有 名的大学

5 need/want/require/worth ■注意:当need,want, require, worth(形容词)后面接 doing 也可以表示被动。 The door needs repairin ng The door needs to be repaired Your hair wants cutting.你的头发该理了。 The floor requires washing.地板需要冲洗 The book is worth reading.这本书值得一读 典型例题 a The library needs, but it'lI have to wait until Sunday A cleaning B be cleaned C clean D. being cleaned 答案A.need(实意)+nodo,need(情态)do,当为被 动语态时,还可need+ doing本题考最后一种用法,选 A。如有 to be cleaned则也为正确答案

◼ 5 need/want/require/worth ◼ 注意：当 need, want, require, worth(形容词)后面接doing 也可以表示被动。 ◼ The door needs repairing.= The door needs to be repaired. ◼ Your hair wants cutting. 你的头发该理了。 ◼ The floor requires washing. 地板需要冲洗。 ◼ The book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。 ◼ 典型例题 ◼ The library needs___, but it'll have to wait until Sunday. A. cleaning B. be cleaned C. clean D. being cleaned ◼ 答案A. need (实意) +n /to do，need (情态)+ do，当为被 动语态时，还可need + doing. 本题考最后一种用法，选 A。如有to be cleaned 则也为正确答案

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Homework S a Exercise 14Aon Pages 240-241 a Exercise 14B on Pages 241-242 Exercise 14C on Pages 243-244 a Exercise 14D on Pages 244-245 a Exercise 14E on Pages 248-249 a Exercise 14F on Pages 249-250 a Exercise 15Aon Pages 254-255 a Exercise 15B on Pages 255-256 a Exercise 15C on Pages 263-264 Exercise 15D on Pages 264-265 预习第16讲(266280页)

Homework ◼ Exercise 14A on Pages 240-241 ◼ Exercise 14B on Pages 241-242 ◼ Exercise 14C on Pages 243-244 ◼ Exercise 14D on Pages 244-245 ◼ Exercise 14E on Pages 248-249 ◼ Exercise 14F on Pages 249-250 ◼ Exercise 15A on Pages 254-255 ◼ Exercise 15B on Pages 255-256 ◼ Exercise 15C on Pages 263-264 ◼ Exercise 15D on Pages 264-265 ◼ 预习第16讲（266—280页）