电子科技大学：《计算机操作系统》课程教学资源（PPT课件讲稿）第二章 进程与调度（Processes and Scheduling）Section III

Processes and Scheduling Section Ill fttp://www 365pi4com

Processes and Scheduling Section III

Objective of scheduling fairness----Prevent starvation ☆ Efficiency ☆ Throughput 心 Response time PROCESSES AND SCHEDULING

PROCESSES AND SCHEDULING Objective of scheduling ❖ Fairness----Prevent starvation ❖ Efficiency ❖ Throughput ❖ Response time

ypes of scheduling(调度类型p379) ☆ Sorted by os types(按系统类型分类 Batch scheduling(批处理调度) Time- sharing scheduling(分时调度) Real-time scheduling(实时调度) Multiprocessor scheduling(多处理机调度) ☆ Sorted by perform frequency and scheduling unit(按执行频率 分类) Long- term scheduling(长程调度) Medium- term scheduling(中程调度) Short-term scheduling(短程调度) >IO scheduling PROCESSES AND SCHEDULING

PROCESSES AND SCHEDULING Types of scheduling （调度类型p379） ❖ Sorted by OS types（按系统类型分类） ٭ Batch scheduling（批处理调度） ٭ Time-sharing scheduling (分时调度） ٭ Real-time scheduling （实时调度） ٭ Multiprocessor scheduling（多处理机调度） ❖Sorted by perform frequency and scheduling unit（按执行频率 分类） ➢Long-term scheduling（长程调度） ➢Medium-term scheduling （中程调度） ➢Short-term scheduling （短程调度） ➢I/O scheduling

Scheduling and Process State Transitions(p380) New term Long-term scheduling scheduling Ready Suspend Running……Ext Medium-term Short-term scheduling scheduling B locked/ Blocked Suspend Medium-term schedulin Figure 9.1 Scheduling and Process State Transitions ROCESSES AND SCHEDULING

PROCESSES AND SCHEDULING Scheduling and Process State Transitions (p380)

Levels of scheduling(分级调度图P381)一 上eay Spend Medllunrern 重君 上ir levels of scheduling PROCESSES AND SCHEDULING

PROCESSES AND SCHEDULING Levels of Scheduling（分级调度图P381）

P382 Long-term TIme-out scheduling Batch Ready oueue Short-term Release 工 scheduling Processor Medlum-term Interactive Readv suspend oueu Medllum-term Blocked, Suspend Queue Blocked Queue Event Event walt Queuing diaproces ses and schedulInG

PROCESSES AND SCHEDULING P382

Long-term scheduling(P380) ☆ Determines(确定) which program are admitted to the system for processing. Controls the degree of multiprogramming(多道程度). Once admitted(提 3), a job becomes a process and is added to the queue for short-term scheduler or for medium-term scheduler o In a batch system the long-term scheduler chooses the jobs held in(保持在) disk queue and creates processes from the queue when it can 座空會 PROCESSES AND SCHEDULING

PROCESSES AND SCHEDULING Long-term scheduling(P380) ❖ Determines(确定) which program are admitted to the system for processing. Controls the degree of multiprogramming（多道程度）. Once admitted（提 交）, a job becomes a process and is added to the queue for short-term scheduler or for medium-term scheduler. ❖ In a batch system, the long-term scheduler chooses the jobs held in(保持在) disk queue and creates processes from the queue when it can

Two problems for long-term scheduling(p381) s Decide the number of processes that Os can take on which is decided by the degree of multiprogramming Which job or jobs to accept and turn into(转化为) processes. Decided by scheduling algorithm, e.g. FCFS\ SJF hrR etc When to invoke the long-term scheduler? States of Job: admit, execution finish PROCESSES AND SCHEDULING

PROCESSES AND SCHEDULING Two problems for long-term scheduling（p381） ❖ Decide the number of processes that OS can take on, which is decided by the degree of multiprogramming. ❖ Which job or jobs to accept and turn into(转化为) processes. ٭ Decided by scheduling algorithm，e.g. FCFS、SJF、 HRRN etc… ❖ When to invoke the long-term scheduler? ❖ States of Job: admit, execution, finish

Medium-term scheduling (p383) ☆ Part of the swapping function(交换功能). Choose processes in disk to swap in for execution. PROCESSES AND SCHEDULING

PROCESSES AND SCHEDULING Medium-term scheduling（p383） ❖ Part of the swapping function(交换功能). Choose processes in disk to swap in for execution

Short-term scheduling(p383) ☆ Known as the dispatcher(分派器), executes most frequently and makes the fine-grained( EE)decision of which process to execute next. ☆ The event to invoked(引起) the short-term scheduling Clock interrupt s yO interrupts perating system calls gnals(信号) PROCESSES AND SCHEDULING

PROCESSES AND SCHEDULING Short-term scheduling（p383） ❖ Known as the dispatcher（分派器）, executes most frequently and makes the fine-grained(细粒度) decision of which process to execute next. ❖ The event to invoked（引起） the short-term scheduling ٭ Clock interrupts ٭ I/O interrupts ٭ Operating system calls ٭ Signals （信号）