《传播学导论》课程教学资源（阅读材料）Mass Media and Interpersonal Communication

Mass Media and Interpersonal Communication 主讲教师：王积龙 Werner J.Severn Biographies Datelines Bioscopes who Am 1? on Psychologists

Mass Media and Interpersonal Communication Werner J. Severn 主讲教师：王积龙

An Interesting Comparison:Difference between German and Chinese Why are so many differences between the two groups?

An Interesting Comparison: Difference between German and Chinese Why are so many differences between the two groups?

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Kurzer Lewin-Interpersonal Communication ● primary group A primary group is a typically small social group whose members share close,personal,enduring relationships.These groups are marked by members'concern for one another,shared activities and culture,and long periods of time spent together.Examples include family,childhood friends,and highly influential social groups(team sports groups,academic groups,etc...). reference group A reference group is a sociological concept referring to a group to which another group is compared.Reference groups are used in order to evaluate and determine the nature of a given individual or other group's characteristics and sociological attributes.Reference groups provide the benchmarks and contrast needed for comparison and evaluation of group and personal characteristics. casual group People in a casual group interact on a less personal level than in a primary group,and their relationships are temporary rather than long lasting.Since casual groups are established to perform functions, people's roles are more interchangeable

Kurzer Lewin——Interpersonal Communication  primary group  A primary group is a typically small social group whose members share close, personal, enduring relationships. These groups are marked by members' concern for one another, shared activities and culture, and long periods of time spent together. Examples include family, childhood friends, and highly influential social groups (team sports groups, academic groups, etc...).  reference group  A reference group is a sociological concept referring to a group to which another group is compared. Reference groups are used in order to evaluate and determine the nature of a given individual or other group's characteristics and sociological attributes. Reference groups provide the benchmarks and contrast needed for comparison and evaluation of group and personal characteristics.  casual group  People in a casual group interact on a less personal level than in a primary group, and their relationships are temporary rather than long lasting. Since casual groups are established to perform functions, people’s roles are more interchangeable

Muzafer Sherif- Social Norms ● Social Norms Of interest to most social scientists across disciplines,social norms are group-held beliefs about how members should behave in a given context.Sociologists describe norms as laws that govern society's behaviors,while psychologists have adopted a more general definition,recognizing smaller group units,like a team or an office,may also endorse norms separate or in addition to cultural or societal expectations.The psychological definition emphasizes social norms'behavioral component,stating norms have two dimensions:how much behavior is exhibited and how much the group approves of that behavior

Muzafer Sherif——Social Norms  Social Norms  Of interest to most social scientists across disciplines, social norms are group-held beliefs about how members should behave in a given context. Sociologists describe norms as laws that govern society’s behaviors, while psychologists have adopted a more general definition, recognizing smaller group units, like a team or an office, may also endorse norms separate or in addition to cultural or societal expectations. The psychological definition emphasizes social norms' behavioral component, stating norms have two dimensions: how much behavior is exhibited and how much the group approves of that behavior

Muzafer Sherif-social Norms Social Norms'Formating The studies bring to the surface two important aspects of those social effects.First,group interactions can shape the responses of the participants.Second-and possibly more importantly- the shaping of those responses endures,and the human social norms’ formating as well. See the Video of Experiments: Biographies Datelines Bioscopes Who Am I? Breaking the Social Norms,A Try. PSYography Created and Malntaned by Dr.MeganE.Bradley Intemet Source for BiographiesonPsychoogists

Muzafer Sherif——Social Norms  Social Norms’ Formating  The studies bring to the surface two important aspects of those social effects. First, group interactions can shape the responses of the participants. Second — and possibly more importantly — the shaping of those responses endures, and the human social norms’ formating as well. See the Video of Experiments: Breaking the Social Norms, A Try

Muzafer Sherif- Social Norms ● Sherifs Autokinetic Light Effect Autokinetic Effect Visual perception,Motion s00th01100: (physics).Eye movement (sensory) Signal light es:0 Timer Stimulus light and shuffer Am I? hologists

Muzafer Sherif——Social Norms  Sherif’s Autokinetic Light Effect See the Video:

Chiang Ching-kuo Effect

Chiang Ching-kuo Effect

Solomon Asch-Group Pressure ● ASCH,S.E.Studies of independence and conformity: a minority of one against a unanimous majority. Psychological Monographs,1956,70. Aim The aim of these studies was to investigate conformity in a group situation. ●Method Laboratory experiment Biographies Datelines Bioscopes Who Am I? PSYography talned by Dr. Intemet Source for Biographies on Psychologists

Solomon Asch——Group Pressure  ASCH, S.E. Studies of independence and conformity: a minority of one against a unanimous majority. Psychological Monographs, 1956, 70.  Aim The aim of these studies was to investigate conformity in a group situation. ● Method Laboratory experiment

Solomon Asch-Group Pressure The experimenter arrives and tells you that the study in which you are about to participate concerns people's visual judgments.She places two cards before you.The card on the left contains one vertical line.The card on the right displays three lines of varying length. The experimenter asks all of you,one at a time, to choose which of the three lines on the right card matches the length of the line on the left card. See the video of the Experiment. X A B C

Solomon Asch——Group Pressure The experimenter arrives and tells you that the study in which you are about to participate concerns people's visual judgments. She places two cards before you. The card on the left contains one vertical line. The card on the right displays three lines of varying length. The experimenter asks all of you, one at a time, to choose which of the three lines on the right card matches the length of the line on the left card. See the video of the Experiment