materials_5-语义web_A Quick Introduction to OWL Web Ontology Language

Roger L Costello, David B. Jacobs. C 2003 The MITRE Corp A Quick Introduction to OWL Web Ontology Language Roger L. Costello David B. jacobs The MITRE Corporation (The creation of this tutorial was sponsored by DarPa)

1 Roger L. Costello, David B. Jacobs. © 2003 The MITRE Corporation. A Quick Introduction to OWL Web Ontology Language Roger L. Costello David B. Jacobs The MITRE Corporation (The creation of this tutorial was sponsored by DARPA)

Roger L Costello, David B. Jacobs. c 2003 The MITRE Corporation What is oWl? Answer oWl is a set of Xml elements and attributes with standardized meaning that are used to define terms and their relationships OWL extends rdf schema Clas equivalentproperty OWL sameIndividualas OWL elements and attributes subClassof (i.e, OWL Vocabulary) resource RDF SChema ID

2 Roger L. Costello, David B. Jacobs. © 2003 The MITRE Corporation. What is OWL? Answer: OWL is a set of XML elements and attributes, with standardized meaning, that are used to define terms and their relationships. subClassOf resource ID ... Class equivalentProperty sameIndividualAs ... OWL elements and attributes (i.e., OWL Vocabulary) OWL extends RDF Schema: RDF Schema OWL

Roger L Costello, David B. Jacobs. c 2003 The MITRE Corporation Example of using owl to define two terms and their relationship Example: Define the terms"Camera"and"SLR State that SLRs are a type of Camera Here's how these two terms(classes)and their relationship is defined using the OWl vocabulary Kowl: Class rdfID="Camera/> Kowl Class rdfID=SLR">

3 Roger L. Costello, David B. Jacobs. © 2003 The MITRE Corporation. Example of using OWL to define two terms and their relationship Example: Define the terms "Camera" and "SLR". State that SLRs are a type of Camera. Here's how these two terms (classes) and their relationship is defined using the OWL vocabulary:

Roger L Costello, David B. Jacobs. c 2003 The MITRE Corporation Quick Intro Contents In this quick intro we present an example to demonstrate one of the utilities of owl The example shows how OWl can be used to bridge terminology differences and thus enhance interoperability

4 Roger L. Costello, David B. Jacobs. © 2003 The MITRE Corporation. Quick Intro Contents • In this quick intro we present an example to demonstrate one of the utilities of OWL: – The example shows how OWL can be used to bridge terminology differences and thus enhance interoperability

Example: bridging the ARA> Roger L Costello, David B. Jacobs. c 2003 The MITRE Corporation Terminology Gap using OWL a key problem in achieving interoperability is to be able to recognize that two pieces of data are talking about the same thing, even though different terminology is being used The following slides presents an example to show how owl may be used to bridge the terminology gap

5 Roger L. Costello, David B. Jacobs. © 2003 The MITRE Corporation. Example: Bridging the Terminology Gap using OWL • A key problem in achieving interoperability is to be able to recognize that two pieces of data are talking about the same thing, even though different terminology is being used. • The following slides presents an example to show how OWL may be used to bridge the "terminology gap

Roger L Costello, David B. Jacobs. c 2003 The MITRE Corporation Interested in Purchasing a camera · Scenario I am interested in purchasing a camera with a 75-300mm zoom lens size, that has an aperture of 4.5-5.6, and a shutter speed that ranges from 1 /500 sec. to 1.0 sec I launch my personal Web bot"which crawls the Web looking for Web sites that can fulfill my request assume that there exists an owl camera Ontology, which the Web bot can"consult upon its travels across the Web

6 Roger L. Costello, David B. Jacobs. © 2003 The MITRE Corporation. Interested in Purchasing a Camera • Scenario: – I am interested in purchasing a camera with a 75-300mm zoom lens size, that has an aperture of 4.5-5.6, and a shutter speed that ranges from 1/500 sec. to 1.0 sec. – I launch my personal "Web Bot" which crawls the Web looking for Web sites that can fulfill my request. – Assume that there exists an OWL Camera Ontology, which the Web Bot can "consult" upon its travels across the Web

Roger L Costello, David B. Jacobs. c 2003 The MITRE Corporation Is this document relevant? Malden MA 617-555-1234 finds this document at a Web site 75-300mm zoom/focal-le ngth> 4.5-5.6 r-spee 0.002 1.0 Is it relevant? 325USD (Note: SLr= Single Lens Reflex)

7 Roger L. Costello, David B. Jacobs. © 2003 The MITRE Corporation. Is this document relevant? Malden, MA 617-555-1234 75-300mm zoom 4.5-5.6 0.002 1.0 seconds 325 USD The Web Bot finds this document at a Web site: Is it relevant? (Note: SLR = Single Lens Reflex)

Roger L Costello, David B. Jacobs. c 2003 The MITRE Corporation a Match? Malden. MA atalog rdfparset Collection 75-300mm zoom I am interested in purchasing a(camera ith a 75-300mm zoom lens( size that has 0.002 1/500 sec to 1.0 sec units>seconds y> USD To determine if there is a match, these questions must be answered What's the relationship between slr"and"Camera"? 2. What's the relationship between"focal-length"and"size? 3. What's the relationship between"f-stop and"aperture"?

8 Roger L. Costello, David B. Jacobs. © 2003 The MITRE Corporation. A Match? Match? To determine if there is a match, these questions must be answered: 1. What's the relationship between "SLR" and "Camera"? 2. What's the relationship between "focal-length" and "size"? 3. What's the relationship between "f-stop" and "aperture"? Malden, MA 617-555-1234 75-300mm zoom 4.5-5.6 0.002 1.0 seconds 325 USD I am interested in purchasing a camera with a 75-300mm zoom lens size, that has an aperture of 4.5-5.6, and a shutter speed that ranges from 1/500 sec. to 1.0 sec

Roger L Costello, David B. Jacobs. c 2003 The MITRE Corporation Relationship between siR and camera? The Web bot"consults" the oWL Camera Ontology. This OWL statement tells the Web bot that a Sir is a type of Camera Kowl: Class rdf ID="SLR" SLR> Web Bot SiR iS a type of Camera. " Camera. owl Hunts xml

9 Roger L. Costello, David B. Jacobs. © 2003 The MITRE Corporation. Relationship between SLR and Camera? The Web Bot "consults" the OWL Camera Ontology. This OWL statement tells the Web Bot that a SLR is a type of Camera: … Hunts.xml Web Bot Camera.owl "Relationship between Camera and SLR?" "SLR is a type of Camera

Roger L Costello, David B. Jacobs. c 2003 The MITRE Corporation Relationship between focal-length and lens size This owl statement tells the Web bot that focal-length is equivalent to lens size rdfs domain rdfresource=#Lens"> focal-length is synonymous with(lens )size focal-length is to be used within a Lens focal-length has a value that is a string

10 Roger L. Costello, David B. Jacobs. © 2003 The MITRE Corporation. Relationship between focal-length and lens size? This OWL statement tells the Web Bot that focal-length is equivalent to lens size: "focal-length is synonymous with (lens) size. focal-length is to be used within a Lens. focal-length has a value that is a string